Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Elatostema s.l. (Urticaceae): Implications for inter- and infrageneric classifications

Tseng, Yu‐Hsin; Monro, Alex K.; Wei, Yi‐Gang; Hu, Jer‐Ming

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.016

Cited by 18 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A visual comparison of the two best tree topologies generated by ML analyses of cpDNA and nrITS datasets were performed to compare topological incongruence. A conflict in tree topologies of each tree was considered significant when incongruent topologies both received bootstrap values ≥ 80% (Monro, 2006;Tseng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bayesian analyses, posterior probabilities (PP) below 0.9 were considered as providing no support, between 0.9 and 0.94 as providing weak support, between 0.95 and 0.99 as providing moderate support, and 1.0 as providing strong support (Tseng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Estimates Of Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilea belongs to the Elatostemaea tribe (Gaudichaud, 1830) which, including Sarcopilea Urb., has been recovered as monophyletic and sister to Lecanthus Wedd. (Monro, 2006;Jestrow et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2013;Tseng et al 2019). The Elatostemeae comprises mainly succulent, shade-loving, wind-pollinated species which, as is the case for each tribe in the family, show a great variation in female inflorescence arrangement, ranging from open panicles to spikes and fused receptacle-like structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the species-rich Pilea Lindl. (Urticaceae) supports its revised delimitation and infrageneric classification, including the resurrection of Achudemia Blume

Fu¹,

Wen²,

Maurin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTPilea Lindl., with 933 published names is the largest genus within the Urticaceae. Pilea was last monographed in 1869 and whilst the monophyly of the genus has been proposed by previous authors, this has been based on incomplete taxon sampling and the failure to resolve the position of key taxa. We aimed to generate a robust phylogeny for Pilea and allied genera that could provide a framework for testing the monophyly of Pilea, revising its delimitation and for answering broader scientific questions about this species-rich genus. To do so, we sought to sample taxa representative of previous infrageneric classifications and with anomalous inflorescences or flower configurations and to use the resulting phylogeny to evaluate the delimitation of Pilea and to establish an infrageneric classification. In addition, we included a representative of the Polynesian genus Haroldiella which, morphologically, is very similar to Pilea. Using Sanger sequence data from two plastid and one nuclear regions we constructed a phylogeny using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsiomony approaches. We used our phylogeny to evaluate the informativness of 19 morphological traits and applied both to delimit a monophyletic genus and infrageneric sections. Our results recovered Pilea as paraphyletic with respect to Lecanthus, a consequence of the recovery of a monophyletic clade comprising sections Achudemia and Smithiella, neither of which had been adequately sampled in previous studies. We also recovered Pilea as polyphyletic with respect to Haroldiella. We identified isomery between male and female flowers, flower part number and male sepal arrangement as being phylogenetically informative traits that can be used to delimit two genera, Achudemia, including section Smithiella, recovered as sister to Lecanthus, and Pilea, including Haroldiella, recovered as sister to both. On the basis of our evaluation of both morphological traits and phylogenetic relationships we propose a new infrageneric classification for the genus comprising seven sections, five of which we describe for the first time, § Trimeris Y.G.Wei & A.K.Monro, § Lecanthoides C.J.Chen, § Angulata L.F.Fu & Y.G.Wei, § Tetrameris C.J.Chen, § Verrucosa L.F.Fu & Y.G.Wei, § Plataniflora L.F.Fu & Y.G.Wei and § Leiocarpa L.F.Fu & Y.G.Wei. We also identify a trend of decreasing merism and fruit size, and increasing species-richness as Pilea diverges. In addition, we recover strong geographical structure within our phylogeny, sufficient to propose that Pilea originated in the IndoMalaya biogeographic domain.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimates Of Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the species-rich Pilea Lindl. (Urticaceae) supports its revised delimitation and infrageneric classification, including the resurrection of Achudemia Blume

Fu¹,

Wen²,

Maurin

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…There are currently 626 accepted names within the genus Elatostema (The Plant List, 2018). Elatostema is most diverse in subtropical and tropical climates and is characterized by apparently alternate (opposite but frequently with ephemeral and occasionally absent nanophylls), strongly asymmetrical leaves arranged distichously, small staminate flowers borne in dense cymes with receptacle-like involucres or paniculate cymes and minute pistillate flowers borne in dense capitate cymes, the bracts of which form a receptacle-like involucre (Tseng et al., 2019). As in most species in the tribe Elatostemateae (Conn & Hadiah, 2009), the stamens open explosively and the seeds are ejected by reflexive staminodes (Friis, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex Juss. Using reconstruction of molecular phylogeny and re-evaluation of morphological characters of leaves, inflorescences and flowers, the latest study (Tseng et al., 2019) demonstrates that Elatostema is a monophyletic group which includes Pellionia but excludes Procris , Elatostematoides and Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist to the Elatostema (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms

Monro

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Elatostema (Urticaceae) comprises several hundred herbaceous species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. The greatest species richness occurs on limestone karst in Southeast Asia. Taxonomic revisions of Elatostema are largely out of date and contradict each other with respect to the delimitation of Elatostema and Pellionia. Most herbaria in SE Asia and worldwide contain significant amounts of unidentified material. As part of a broader revision of Elatostema in SE Asia, we present an updated checklist for Vietnam based on field visits, a review of specimens in herbaria worldwide, a review of type material and nomenclature. We recognize 77 taxa (75 species and two infraspecific taxa) of Elatostema in Vietnam, 23 of which were previously ascribed to Pellionia. Nineteen of these are new records for the country, i.e., E. attenuatoides, E. austrosinense, E. backeri, E. brunneinerve, E. crassiusculum, E. crenatum, E. fengshanense, E. glochidioides, E. malacotrichum, E. nanchuanense, E. oblongifolium, E. obtusum, E. oppositum, E. pergameneum, E. prunifolium, E. pseudolongipes, E. pycnodontum, E. salvinioides and E. xichouense. We place E. baviensis in synonymy of E. platyphyllum, E. colaniae in synonymy of E. myrtillus, P. macroceras in synonymy of E. hookerianum, and P. tetramera in synonymy of E. dissectum for the first time. Fourteen taxa (18% of all the recognized taxa) are endemic to Vietnam, which makes Elatostema one of the richest genera for endemic species in this country; this level of endemism is comparable to levels observed in Orchidaceae. Our checklist suggests that the highest diversity and endemism of Elatostema occurs in northern Vietnam, and that there is the greatest floristic similarity of northern Vietnam to SW China. The relationship among floristic regions is also investigated. We could find no records of Elatostema for 33 out of 63 provincial units of Vietnam, including all the southernmost provinces. We propose that further studies on the diversity of Elatostema in central and southern Vietnam are severely needed.

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A revised delimitation of the species‐rich genus Pilea (Urticaceae) supports the resurrection of Achudemia and a new infrageneric classification

Wen

Maurin

et al. 2022

TAXON

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Ensuring that genera are monophyletic should result in a stable classification that better reflects evolutionary history, and which can serve as a framework for answering broader scientific questions. It is also important that species can be assigned to genera easily and unambiguously so as to remove barriers to identification and species discovery. Pilea, with 933 published names and likely more than 700 spp. is the largest genus within the Urticaceae and was last monographed in 1869. Whilst the monophyly of the genus has been proposed by previous authors, this has been based on incomplete taxon sampling that has failed to resolve the position of key taxa. We aimed to generate a robust phylogeny for Pilea and allied genera that could test the monophyly of the genus and provide a framework for a taxonomic revision of this species‐rich yet poorly studied genus. To do so, we sought to sample taxa encompassing previous infrageneric classifications and species with anomalous inflorescences or flower morphology and to use the resulting phylogeny to evaluate the delimitation of Pilea and to establish an infrageneric classification. In addition, we included a representative of the Polynesian genus Haroldiella, which, morphologically, seemed indistinguishable from Pilea. Using two plastid and one nuclear region, we constructed phylogenies using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony approaches. We used our BI phylogeny to evaluate the informativeness of 22 morphological characters and used both to delimit monophyletic groups and infrageneric sections. Our results recovered Pilea as paraphyletic, a consequence of the recovery of a monophyletic clade comprising Lecanthus and Pilea sect. Achudemia and sect. Smithiella, neither of which had been adequately sampled in previous studies. We also recovered Pilea as paraphyletic with respect to Haroldiella. Pilea (including Haroldiella) was recovered as sister to the clade comprising Lecanthus and Pilea sect. Achudemia and sect. Smithiella. We identified isomery between male and female flowers, flower part number, male sepal arrangement and achene ornamentation as being phylogenetically informative characters that can be used to distinguish Achudemia (Pilea sect. Achudemia and sect. Smithiella) from Pilea. We also identified a trend of decreasing merism and fruit size, correlated with an increase in species‐richness across the phylogeny which our results suggest may indicate a shift in pollen and fruit dispersal, pollen dispersal becoming more kinetic and fruit dispersal less reliant on animals. On the basis of our evaluation of both morphological characters and phylogenetic relationships we propose a new infrageneric classification for the genus comprising eight sections, five of which we propose for the first time here: Pilea sect. Angulatae, sect. Plataniflorae, sect. Tetraphyllae, sect. Trimeris and sect. Verrucosae.

show abstract

Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Elatostema s.l. (Urticaceae): Implications for inter- and infrageneric classifications

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Phylogeny of the species-rich Pilea Lindl. (Urticaceae) supports its revised delimitation and infrageneric classification, including the resurrection of Achudemia Blume

Phylogeny of the species-rich Pilea Lindl. (Urticaceae) supports its revised delimitation and infrageneric classification, including the resurrection of Achudemia Blume

Checklist to the Elatostema (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms

A revised delimitation of the species‐rich genus Pilea (Urticaceae) supports the resurrection of Achudemia and a new infrageneric classification

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