Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot

Abstract

The Gloeophyllales is a recently described order of Agaricomycotina containing a morphologically diverse array of polypores (Gloeophyllum), agarics (Neolentinus, Heliocybe) and resupinate fungi (Veluti-Veluticeps, Boreostereum, Chaetodermella), most of which have been demonstrated to produce a brown-rot mode of wood decay and are found preferentially on coniferous substrates. Multiple phylogenetic studies have included taxa of Gloeophyllales, but none have sampled the order thoroughly, and so far only ribosomal RNA genes have been used. Consequently the limits and higher level placement of the Gloeophyllales are obscure. We obtained sequence data for three protein-coding genes (rpb2, atp6, tef1) and three rRNA regions (nuc-ssu, nuc-lsu, 5.8S) in 19 species of Gloeophyllales representing seven genera and analyzed them together with a diverse set of Agaricomycotina, emphasizing Polyporales. Boreostereum, which is suspected to produce a white rot, is the sister group of the rest of the Gloeophyllales, all of which produce a brown rot. Gloeophyllum contains at least two independent clades, one of which might correspond to the genus Osmoporus. White rot and resupinate fruiting bodies appear to be plesiomorphic in Gloeophyllales. Relaxed molecular clock analyses suggest that the Gloeophyllales arose in the Cretaceous, after the origin of Pinaceae.

Molecular phylogeny of Trametes and related genera, and description of a new genus Leiotrametes

“…General systematics in the Trametes-group As expected, the close relationships between the genera Pycnoporus, Lenzites, Coriolopsis and Trametes, as previously described by Ko (2000), Garcia-Sandoval et al (2011) and Rajchenberg (2011) were confirmed. Species such as Hexagonia nitida, Daedaleopsis tricolor, Trametella trogii with binucleate spores and heterocytic nuclear behavior, previously located in a sister clade position (Ko and Jung 1999;Tomšovský et al 2006), and the newly positioned Hexagonia (Trametes) mimetes, represented convenient outgroups for our study.…”

“…Trametes polyzona, a species with brown context, was encorporated into Trametes by the mttSSU and ITS rDNA analyses of Ko (2000), who also established a close relationship between T. polyzona, T. gibbosa, T. hirsuta and also T. meyenii (Ko and Jung 1999;Garcia-Sandoval et al 2011). Consequently the brown color of the skeletal hyphae is not significant in excluding T. polyzona from the genus Trametes we propose.…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of the edible Basidiomycete mushroomThelephora ganbajun

“…Based on the concatenated protein sequences, our analyses revealed that Th. ganbajun was a member of Agaricomycotina and closely related to Polyporales and Russulales (Figure 1), consistent with the results obtained based on nuclear genes (Binder & Hibbett 2002;Garcia-Sandoval et al 2011;Hibbett et al 2007). Figure 1.…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of the edible Basidiomycete mushroom Phlebopus Portentosus

“…The inferred relationships using mitochondrial gene sequences were the same as those constructed based on sequences of nuclear genes (Garcia-Sandoval et al 2011;Wu et al 2014). …”