Molecular Phylogenetics of Ramaria and Related Genera: Evidence from Nuclear Large Subunit and Mitochondrial Small Subunit rDNA Sequences

Humpert, Andrea J.; Muench, Eric L.; Giachini, Admir José; Castellano, Michael A.; Spatafora, Joseph W.

doi:10.2307/3761733

Cited by 52 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, both orders are well defined. The limited number of DNA studies, however, presently does not show a distinct hiatus between the two groups (compare Agerer and Iosifidou 2004) but rather indicates a mixture between these two orders (Binder and Bresinsky 2002;Bruns et al 1998;Hibbett et al 1997a;Hibbett and Thorn 2001;Humpert et al 2001;Moncalvo et al 2002). Species of both orders form together the so-called gomphoid-phalloid clade.…”

Section: Hysterangiaceae [1/2(11)]mentioning

confidence: 94%

Fungal relationships and structural identity of their ectomycorrhizae

2006

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Aproximately 5,000-6,000 fungal species form ectomyorrhizae (ECM), the symbiotic organs with roots of predominantly trees. The contributing fungi are not evenly distributed over the system of fungi. Within Basidiomycota exclusively Hymenomycetes and within Ascomycota exclusively Ascomycetes contribute to the symbiosis. Hymenomycetes play a big part, Ascomycetes a minor role; Zygomycetes only form exceptionally ECM. Responsible for ascomycetous ECM are mostly Pezizales with their hypogeous derivatives, whereas Boletales, Gomphales, Thelephorales, Amanitaceae, Cantharellaceae, Cortinariaceae, Russulaceae, and Tricholomataceae are the most important ectomycorrhizal relationships within Hymenomycetes. ECM, as transmitting organs between soil and roots, are transporting carbohydrates for growth of mycelium and fruitbodies from roots and have to satisfy the tree's demand for water and nutrients. The latter task particularly influences the structure of ECM as nutrients are patchily distributed in the soil and saprotrophic as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi can act as strong competitors for nutrients. In focusing these requirements, ECM developed variously structured hyphal sheaths around the roots, the so-called mantles, and differently organized mycelium that emanates from the mantle, the so-called extramatrical mycelium. The mantles can be plectenchymatous consisting of loosely woven, differently arranged hyphae or they are densely packed, forming a pseudoparenchyma similar to the epidermis of leaves. The extramatrical mycelium grows either as simple scattered hyphae from the mantle into the soil or it can be united to undifferentiated rhizomorphs with a small reach or to highly organized root-like organs with vessel-like hyphae for efficient water and nutrient transport from distances of decimeters. Cystidia, sterile and variously shaped hyphal ends, possibly appropriate for preventing animal attack, in addition, can cover mantles and rhizomorphs. Although only a limited number of species could be considered, some general conclusions are possible.The genus Tuber forms needle-shaped cystidia and lacks rhizomorphs and clamps. Gomphales ECM are identified by rhizomorphs with ampullate inflations at septa of some hyphae and by oleoacanthocystidia or/and oleoacanthohyphae. Thelephoraceae reveal a great diversity of mantle structures and of extramatrical mycelium, with some additional optional characters, i.e., dark brown color, cystidia, blue granules, amyloid hyphae, or amyloid septa. Bankeraceae are mostly characterized by plectenchymatous mantles with star-like pattern and chlamydospores. Russulaceae possess smooth and hydrophilic ECM. Russula forms plectenchymatous mantles with knob-bearing cystidia, so-called russuloid cystidia, or pseudoparenchymatous mantles without cystidia. Lactarius lacks cystidia and shows laticifers within plectenchymatous or within pseudoparenchymatous mantles. The Boletales families Boletaceae, Gyroporaceae, Melanogastraceae, Paxillaceae, Rhizopogonaceae, Sclerodermataceae, and Suillaceae have...

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Section: Hysterangiaceae [1/2(11)]mentioning

confidence: 94%

Fungal relationships and structural identity of their ectomycorrhizae

2006

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“…Recent advances in molecular techniques using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (Kretzer et al 1996;Michell and Bresinsky 1999;Aanen et al 2000;Sanchez-Ballesteros et al 2000) and large subunits (LSU) (Drehmel et al 1999;Hopple and Vilgalys 1999;Thorn et al 2000;Humpert et al 2001;Moncalvo et al 2002) have made it possible to investigate the phylogeny of a variety of organisms at the molecular level. There are also a few reports in Russulaceae (Henkel et al 2000;Miller et al 2001;Miller and Buyck 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of Russulaceae (Basidiomycetes; Russulales) inferred from the nucleotide sequences of nuclear large subunit rDNA

2004

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Phylogenetic relationships of the genera Russula and Lactarius were investigated using sequence data from the nuclear-encoded large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA). Ninety-five sequences belonging to the genera Russula and Lactarius, including 31 sequences from the databases, were used in this study. Analysis of the LSU rDNA region indicated that Russulaceae was divided into six groups (group A-F) in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Lactarius consisted of one large clade (group A). Therefore, this genus was found to be monophyletic. However, the monophyly of genus Russula remained unclear. The genus Russula consisted of five groups in the NJ tree. Group B includes sects. Plorantes and Archaeinae (Heim), and group C includes sects. Delicoarchaeae and Russula in the NJ tree. Neither of the two groups formed a single clade in the most parsimonius (MP) tree. Group D includes many taxa having colored spore prints and amyloid in suprahilar plage of spores in sect. Russula and sect. Rigidae. Group E consists of only sect. Compactae and is further divided into three subclades, represented by R. densifolia, R. nigricans, and R. subnigricans, respectively. Group F contains sects. Rigidae, Ingratae, and Pelliculariae. Sect. Compactae and sect. Plorantes should not be as closely related as previously supposed. Russula earlei may be placed in sect. Archaeinae Heim. Russula flavida (subsect. Amoeninae) is placed in sect. Russula with R. aurea with a high bootstrap value (99%). The nuclear LSU rDNA region is a useful tool in recognization of species of Russulaceae and may provide information concerning phylogenetic relationships between the genera Russula and Lactarius.

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“…Recent advances in molecular techniques (Drehmel et al 1999;Hopple and Vilgalys 1999;Humpert et al 2001;Moncalvo et al 2002) have made it possible to investigate the phylogeny of a variety of organisms at the molecular level. The present study aims to identify species of the section Dulces and to provide information on their phylogenetic relationships based on the nucleotide sequence of their LSU rDNA and on their fatty acid composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%