Molecular Phylogenetics at the Felsenstein Zone: Approaching the Strepsiptera Problem Using 5.8S and 28S rDNA Sequences

Hwang, Ui Wook; Kim, Won; Tautz, Diethard; Friedrich, Markus

doi:10.1006/mpev.1998.0518

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We also observed strong support for the other within-and between-order divergences represented in our sample, which are probably mostly Triassic in age. This finding, coupled with the apparent lack of saturation of pairwise divergences across all levels in our study, provides further evidence that this gene is broadly useful for mecopterid phylogenetics, although lineage-specific rate differences are sometimes problematic in this group (Hwang et al, 1998;Carmean and Crespi, 1995). Note.…”

Section: S Rdna Phylogenetic Signal In the Basal Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The basal split within Mecopterida separates the Antliophora, consisting of the orders Diptera (flies), Siphonaptera (fleas), and Mecoptera (scorpionflies), from the Amphiesmenoptera, consisting of the Lepidoptera and the Trichoptera (caddisflies). Recent analyses also place the small parasitic order Strepsiptera in the Mecopterida, as sister group to the Diptera (Chalwatzis et al, 1996;Whiting et al, 1997;Whiting, 1998), but this relationship is controversial (Huelsenbeck, 1998;Hwang et al, 1998). Trichopteran fossils are known from the mid-Triassic (ϳ235 mya; Sukacheva, 1968Sukacheva, , 1973, implying that the Lepidoptera had also arisen by then, although the earliest known fossil lepidopteran is from the lower Jurassic (203 Mya;Whalley, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Nuclear Genes Resolve Mesozoic-Aged Divergences in the Insect Order Lepidoptera

Wiegmann

Mitter

Regier

et al. 2000

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: S Rdna Phylogenetic Signal In the Basal Lepidopteramentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nuclear Genes Resolve Mesozoic-Aged Divergences in the Insect Order Lepidoptera

Wiegmann

Mitter

Regier

et al. 2000

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Besides the evident morphological oddities, strepsipterans also exhibit other peculiarities at the genetic and molecular level, such as having the smallest nuclear genome recorded among insects (Johnston et al, 2004), unique insertions in the nuclear 18S rRNA (Gillespie et al, 2005) and accelerated rates of molecular evolution in the 18S rRNA gene (Carmean and Crespi, 1995;Huelsenbeck, 1998). Recent studies using both morphological and molecular data (including mitochondrial gene sequences) have generated four contending hypotheses for the phylogenetic placement of the Strepsiptera: as sister to all the holometabolous insects or, within the Holometabola, as part of the Coleoptera, sister-group to the Coleoptera, or sister-group to the Diptera (Kristensen, 1991;Whiting et al, 1997;Huelsenbeck, 1997;Hwang et al, 1998;Rokas et al, 1999;Grimaldi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial genome of the entomophagous endoparasite Xenos vesparum (Insecta: Strepsiptera)

Carapelli

Vannini

Nardi

et al. 2006

Gene

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Abbreviations: atp6 and atp8, genes for ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8; cox1-3, genes for subunits I-III of cytochrome c oxidase; cob, gene for cytochrome b; nad1-6 and nad4L, genes for subunits 1-6 and 4L of NADH dehydrogenase; rrnL and rrnS, genes for the samll and large subunits of ribosomal RNA; trnX, genes encoding for transfer RNA molecules with corresponding amino acids denotaed by the one-letter code and anticodon indicated in parentheses (xxx) when necessary; tRNA-X, transfer RNA molecules with corresponding amino acids denoted with a one-letter code; bp, base pair; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; PCR, Polymerace Chain Reaction; Address for correspondence:Francesco AbstractIn this study, the nearly complete sequence (14,519 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the entomophagous endoparasite Xenos vesparum (Insecta: Strepsiptera) is described. All protein coding genes (PCGs) are in the arrangement known to be ancestral for insects, but three tRNA genes (trnA, trnS(gcu), and trnL(uag)) have transposed to derived positions and there are three tandem copies of trnH, each of which is potentially functional. All of these rearrangements except for that of trnL(uag) is within the short span between nad3 and nad4 and there are numerous blocks of unassignable sequence in this region, perhaps as remnants of larger scale predisposing rearrangements. X. vesparum mtDNA nucleotide composition is strongly biased toward As and Ts, as is typical for insect mtDNAs. There is also significant strand skew in the distribution of these nucleotides, with the J-strand being richer in A than T and in C than G, and the N-strand showing an opposite skew for complementary pairs of nucleotides. The hypothetical secondary structure of the 16S rRNA has also been reconstructed, obtaining a structural model similar to that of other insects.

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“…They found similar results to those from earlier structural alignments although they found Zoraptera grouped with stoneflies (Plecoptera). This analysis included Strepsiptera, which, as in other likelihood analyses of rRNA [157,189] did not group with Diptera, but instead, in this case as sister to an implausible Diptera þ 'Coleoptera' group, with the long-branch Diptera acting as a second internal root that rendered beetles paraphyletic. For the first time since 1997 [77], the molecular data recovered Hymenoptera as sister to the rest of Holometabola (appendix A; Aparaglossata).…”

Section: The Dominance Of Ribosomal Rnamentioning

confidence: 92%

Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics

Kjer

Simon

Yavorskaya

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The phylogeny of insects has been both extensively studied and vigorously debated for over a century. A relatively accurate deep phylogeny had been produced by 1904. It was not substantially improved in topology until recently when phylogenomics settled many long-standing controversies. Intervening advances came instead through methodological improvement. Early molecular phylogenetic studies , dominated by a few genes, provided datasets that were too small to resolve controversial phylogenetic problems. Adding to the lack of consensus, this period was characterized by a polarization of philosophies, with individuals belonging to either parsimony or maximum-likelihood camps; each largely ignoring the insights of the other. The result was an unfortunate detour in which the few perceived phylogenetic revolutions published by both sides of the philosophical divide were probably erroneous. The size of datasets has been growing exponentially since the mid1980s accompanied by a wave of confidence that all relationships will soon be known. However, large datasets create new challenges, and a large number of genes does not guarantee reliable results. If history is a guide, then the quality of conclusions will be determined by an improved understanding of both molecular and morphological evolution, and not simply the number of genes analysed.

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Molecular Phylogenetics at the Felsenstein Zone: Approaching the Strepsiptera Problem Using 5.8S and 28S rDNA Sequences

Cited by 53 publications

References 52 publications

Nuclear Genes Resolve Mesozoic-Aged Divergences in the Insect Order Lepidoptera

Nuclear Genes Resolve Mesozoic-Aged Divergences in the Insect Order Lepidoptera

The mitochondrial genome of the entomophagous endoparasite Xenos vesparum (Insecta: Strepsiptera)

Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics

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