Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species

Abstract

Based on traditional morphology, sequence data, and phylogenetic analyses, 18 new species are here described: Coprinellus christianopolitanus, Coprinopsis musae, C . u d i c o l a , P s a t h y re l l a a re n o s a , P. c a r m i n e i , P. fennoscandica, P. ichnusae, P. lilliputana, P. lyckebodensis, P. madida, P. rybergii, P. sabuletorum, P. scanica, P. siccophila, P. stridvallii, P. sublatispora, P. vesterholtii, and Typhrasa nanispora. Psathyrella hololanigera and P. tenera are reported as new to Europe and P. parva as new to the Nordic countries. A four-gene dataset on Psathyrellaceae were analyzed by Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Constraint analyses were performed to determine limits of /Psathyrella, and to evaluate whether the / Coprinellus, /cordisporus, and /gossypina clades could be regarded with confidence as monophyletic clades outside of the clade /Psathyrella. This was not unambiguously supported. Based on the phylogenetic results, Kauffmania is proposed as a monotypic genus for the species P. larga and Typhrasa for P. gossypina and the new described species T. nanispora. The genus Homophron is formally validated and three combinations are proposed: H. spadiceum, H. cernuum, and H. camptopodum. The genus Cystoagaricus Singer is emended and the following new combinations are proposed: C. hirtosquamulosus, C. squarrosiceps, C. olivaceogriseus, and C. silvestris. Neotypes have been selected for seven species described by Fries, and ITS sequence data for these were generated. The following new combinations are proposed: Coprinopsis canoceps, C. cineraria, C. melanthina, C. submicrospora, C. uliginicola, and Typhrasa gossypina. Brief comments are given to other species of interest. Psathyrella ornatispora were found not to belong in Psathyrellaceae. A key to 106 psathyrelloid species in Northern Europe is provided.

Unexpected high species diversity among European stalked puffballs – a contribution to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Tulostoma (Agaricales)

“…Lodge et al 2014, Örstadius et al 2015, Miettinen et al 2016, Petersen and Hughes 2016, Tulostoma is here confirmed as monophyletic. However, the recovered tree topology is not in congruence with the current infrageneric classification of Tulostoma (Pouzar 1958, Wright 1987, suggesting that many of the morphological characters used for delimitations are plesiomorphic or homoplasious.…”

The Northeast Chinese species of Psathyrella (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae)

“…These phylogenetic results are very much in congruence with the study of Larsson and Örstadius (2008) and Örstadius et al (2015), except /fibrillosa, which separates to two lineages (/fibrillosa I and /fibrillosa II). As only ITS sequences were analysed in this study, this accounts for the difference and the very low support value (BPP<0.3).…”

“…Fifty five sequences were downloaded from GenBank, including 21 type species of Psathyrella , based on BLAST results and referred to the recent studies (Nagy et al 2013; von Bonsdorff et al 2014; Örstadius et al 2015; Yan and Bau 2017). A total of 103 ITS sequences were aligned using MAFFT 7.205 (Katoh and Standley 2013).…”

“…The studies of this genus mainly focused on Europe and North America in recent years (Romagnesi 1952; Smith 1972; Kits van Waveren 1985; Nagy et al 2011; Örstadius and Kundsen 2012; Örstadius et al 2015). In China, 51 names ( Psathyrella s.l.)…”

Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora: a distinct new coprinoid species from Poland (Central Europe)

“…are demarcated with colored squares, and three Agrocybe species were included as outgroup. The species assigned to the so-called Atramentarii clade by Nagy et al (2013a) are demarcated within lineage containing species showing characters of the morphological subsection Lanatuli experts of Coprinopsis taxonomy (Keirle et al 2004;Navarro-González et al 2006;Garcia and Vellinga 2010;Nagy et al 2010aNagy et al , 2011Nagy et al , 2013aGeml et al 2012;Osmundson et al 2013;Ruiz et al 2013;Ö rstadius et al 2015;Elwess et al 2016; and some unpublished sequences available in GenBank). A total of 85 sequences were aligned using MUSCLE algorithm and default settings (Edgar 2004) to obtain preliminary hypothesis on the phylogenetic placement of Coprinopsis rugosomagnispora (data not shown).…”