Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution of St. John’s wort (Hypericum; Hypericaceae)

Nürk, Nicolai M.; Madriñán, Santiago; Carine, Mark A.; Chase, Mark W.; Blattner, Frank R.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.022

Cited by 92 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Up to the present, almost 500 species of the genus have been documented (Nürk et al 2013), but only ca. 40 % of them have been phytochemically characterized (Crockett and Robson 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthones from roots, hairy roots and cell suspension cultures of selected Hypericum species and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans

et al. 2015

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Highest xanthone contents were found in Hypericum pulchrum and H. annulatum untransformed roots. The best anti- Candida activity was obtained for hairy roots extracts of H. tetrapterum clone 2 ATCC 15834. Extracts of root cultures, hairy roots and cell suspensions of selected Hypericum spp. were screened for the presence of xanthones and tested for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans strain ATCC 10231. At least one of the following xanthones, 5-methoxy-2-deprenylrheediaxanthone; 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone; 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone; paxanthone; kielcorin or mangiferin was identified in methanolic extracts of the untransformed root cultures. The highest total xanthone content, with five xanthones, was found in untransformed H. pulchrum and H. annulatum root cultures. Hairy roots and the controls of H. tetrapterum contained 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, while hairy root cultures and the corresponding controls of H. tomentosum contained toxyloxanthone B, 1,3,6,7- and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone. Two xanthones, cadensin G and paxanthone, were identified in cell suspension cultures of H. perforatum. Their content increased about two-fold following elicitation with salicylic acid. The anti-Candida activity of the obtained extracts ranged from MIC 64 to >256 µg ml(-1). Among the extracts of Hypericum untransformed roots, the best antifungal activity was obtained for extracts of H. annulatum grown under CD conditions. Extracts of hairy roots clones A4 and 7 ATCC15834 of H. tomentosum and clone 2 ATCC15834 of H. tetrapterum displayed inhibition of 90% of Candida growth with 256 μg ml(-1). Extracts from chitosan-elicitated cells did not show antifungal activity.

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“…Up to the present, almost 500 species of the genus have been documented (Nürk et al 2013), but only ca. 40 % of them have been phytochemically characterized (Crockett and Robson 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthones from roots, hairy roots and cell suspension cultures of selected Hypericum species and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans

et al. 2015

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“…A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 Hypericum elodes belongs to the monotypic section Tripentas (Casp.) N. Robson, taxonomically isolated within the genus (Robson 1981(Robson , 2012Nürk et al 2012). It is a characteristic species of acid pool fringe shallow-water swards, highly variable habitats, inundated during the larger part of the year and temporarily emerged in summer (Murphy 2002;Biondi et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All in an afternoon: mixed breeding system in one-day lasting flowers of Hypericum elodes L. (Hypericaceae)

Carta

Savio

Bedini

et al. 2015

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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Knowledge about mixed mating systems can improve our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of reproductive systems. Here we report a study of the floral and reproductive biology of Hypericum elodes, an Atlantic-European soft-water pools specialist which shows a flower architecture consistent with both self-and crosspollination. Controlled pollination experiments were performed in a natural population during three consecutive years. Marked flowers were monitored until fruit production, and laboratory germination experiments were conducted with the seeds produced. Plants were self-compatible (SCI > 0.75), however, compared with selfing, cross-pollination enhanced fruit-set, seed-set and seedling growth, but not seed germination. Inbreeding depression (δ) was mild in the pre-dispersal stages (δ = 0.22 for fruit set, 0.18 for seed set and 0.13 for seed mass), low for germination percentage (δ = 0.003) and mild for seedling growth (δ = 0.23). The breeding system of H. elodes promotes outcrossing and assures reproductive success by means of competitive autogamy. Our results suggest a mixed mating strategy for the studied population, characterized by mild inbreeding depression (cumulative δ = 0.57), highlighting the benefit of this reproductive mode in unpredictable habitat, as the typical shallowwater meadows where H. elodes grows.

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“…Another, by now widely documented, phenomenon is the very recent and explosive radiation of high Andean (Páramo and Puna) groups. It appears to have essentially taken place after the main Andean uplift (e.g., Gentianella and Halenia, Hypericum, Lupinus, Valeriana : von Hagen and Kadereit, 2001; Kadereit and von Hagen, 2003; Bell and Donoghue, 2005; Hughes and Eastwood, 2006; Nürk et al, 2013). Overall, a wide range of high Andean (Páramo and Puna) taxa seem to have radiated extensively and very recently (Madriñán et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny

Mutke¹,

Jacobs²,

Meyers³

et al. 2014

Front. Genet.

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The tropical Andes are a hotspot of biodiversity, but detailed altitudinal and latitudinal distribution patterns of species are poorly understood. We compare the distribution and diversity patterns of four Andean plant groups on the basis of georeferenced specimen data: the genus Nasa (Loasaceae), the two South American sections of Ribes (sect. Parilla and sect. Andina, Grossulariaceae), and the American clade of Urtica (Urticaceae). In the tropical Andes, these often grow together, especially in (naturally or anthropogenically) disturbed or secondary vegetation at middle to upper elevations. The climatic niches of the tropical groups studied here are relatively similar in temperature and temperature seasonality, but do differ in moisture seasonality. The Amotape–Huancabamba Zone (AHZ) between 3 and 8° S shows a clear diversity peak of overall species richness as well as for narrowly endemic species across the groups studied. For Nasa, we also show a particular diversity of growth forms in the AHZ. This can be interpreted as proxy for a high diversity of ecological niches based on high spatial habitat heterogeneity in this zone. Latitudinal ranges are generally larger toward the margins of overall range of the group. Species number and number of endemic species of our taxa peak at elevations of 2,500–3,500 m in the tropical Andes. Altitudinal diversity patterns correspond well with the altitudinal distribution of slope inclination. We hypothesize that the likelihood and frequency of landslides at steeper slopes translate into temporal habitat heterogeneity. The frequency of landslides may be causally connected to diversification especially for the numerous early colonizing taxa, such as Urtica and annual species of Nasa. In contrast to earlier hypotheses, uplift history is not reflected in the pattern here retrieved, since the AHZ is the area of the most recent Andean uplift. Similarly, a barrier effect of the low-lying Huancabamba depression is not retrieved in our data.

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Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution of St. John’s wort (Hypericum; Hypericaceae)

Cited by 92 publications

References 49 publications

Xanthones from roots, hairy roots and cell suspension cultures of selected Hypericum species and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans

Xanthones from roots, hairy roots and cell suspension cultures of selected Hypericum species and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans

All in an afternoon: mixed breeding system in one-day lasting flowers of Hypericum elodes L. (Hypericaceae)

Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny

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