Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ceratophyllum L. taxa: a new perspective

Szalontai, Bálint; Stranczinger, Szilvia; Mesterházy, Attila; Scribailo, Robin W.; Les, Donald H.; Ефремов, А. Н.; Jacono, Colette; Kipriyanova, L. M.; Kaushik, Krishan; Лактионов, А. П.; Terneus, Esteban; Csiky, János

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy057

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Earlier studies of shoot architecture and branching patterns in Ceratophyllum mainly covered two species, C. demersum and C. submersum. The present paper provides comparative SEM-based developmental data on three species of the genus (C. submersum, C. tanaiticum, and C. demersum) representing different clades revealed using molecular phylogenetics [30]. The aims of our study are further refinement of morphological interpretation of Ceratophyllum, analysis of developmental correlations and search of potential interspecific differences.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the phylogenetic placement of Nymphaeales in the basal angiosperm grade is currently well-established, the relationships of Ceratophyllales are incompletely resolved [26][27][28]. Ceratophyllales, with the only extant family Ceratophyllaceae, the only extant genus Ceratophyllum (sometimes two genera are recognized [29]), and six species [30], is the smallest of the five primary lineages of mesangiosperms. Other mesangiosperm clades are eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, and Chloranthaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shoot Development in Members of an Ancient Aquatic Angiosperm Lineage, Ceratophyllaceae: A New Interpretation Facilitates Comparisons with Chloranthaceae

Sokoloff

Remizowa

2022

Symmetry

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Ceratophyllum is an ancient and phylogenetically isolated angiosperm lineage. Comparisons between Ceratophyllum and other angiosperms are hampered by uncertainty in inferring organ homologies in this genus of specialized aquatics. Interpretation of shoot morphology is especially problematic in Ceratophyllum. Each node has several leaf-like appendages interpreted as verticillate leaves, modified parts of one and the same leaf or parts of two leaves under decussate phyllotaxis. Vegetative branches are axillary, but reproductive units (interpreted as flowers or inflorescences) are commonly viewed as developing from collateral accessory buds. We studied shoot development in Ceratophyllum submersum, C. tanaiticum, and C. demersum using scanning electron microscopy to clarify shoot morphology and branching patterns. Our data support the idea that the phyllotaxis is essentially decussate with appendages of stipular origin resembling leaf blades. We conclude that a leaf axil of Ceratophyllum possesses a complex of two serial buds, the lower one producing a vegetative branch and the upper one developing a reproductive unit. The reproductive unit is congenitally displaced to the subsequent node, a phenomenon known as concaulescence. Either member of the serial bud complex may be absent. There is a theory based on a synthesis of molecular and morphological data that Chloranthaceae are the closest extant relatives of Ceratophyllum. Serial buds and concaulescence are known in Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae). Our new interpretation facilitates morphological comparisons between Hedyosmum and Ceratophyllum.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoot Development in Members of an Ancient Aquatic Angiosperm Lineage, Ceratophyllaceae: A New Interpretation Facilitates Comparisons with Chloranthaceae

Sokoloff

Remizowa

2022

Symmetry

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“…Accurate scoring of each terminal group ultimately depends on morphological interpretation and is crucial for analyses of character evolution, especially for taxonomically isolated and ancient lineages. At the same time, such interpretation can be highly problematic, as in the gynoecium of Ceratophyllum ( Figures 1A–C ), an ancient aquatic genus of about six species with minute unisexual flowers and peculiar underwater pollination ( Les, 1986 ; Szalontai et al, 2018 ). Currently recognized as a distinct order, Ceratophyllales, Ceratophyllum has been described as a ‘rogue’ or ‘orphan’ taxon because of its problematic position in phylogenetic analyses ( One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, 2019 ; Albert and Renner, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To explore the controversial interpretation of the gynoecium in Ceratophyllum as either monomerous (having a single carpel) or pseudomonomerous (superficially resembling the monomerous condition, but actually composed of at least two fused carpels), we investigated morphological variation in pistillate flowers of three species, C. demersum L., C. submersum L. and C. tanaiticum Sapjegin, which represent three of the four major clades within Ceratophyllum identified by molecular data ( Szalontai et al, 2018 ). Until now, all studies of flower development in Ceratophyllum using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have concerned a single species, C. demersum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined Interpretation of the Pistillate Flower in Ceratophyllum Sheds Fresh Light on Gynoecium Evolution in Angiosperms

Sokoloff

El²,

Pechenyuk³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed a superclade of mesangiosperms with five extant lineages: monocots, eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllum and Chloranthaceae. Both Ceratophyllum and Chloranthaceae are ancient lineages with a long fossil record; their precise placement within mesangiosperms is uncertain. Morphological studies have suggested that they form a clade together with some Cretaceous fossils, including Canrightia, Montsechia and Pseudoasterophyllites. Apart from Canrightia, members of this clade share unilocular gynoecia commonly interpreted as monomerous with ascidiate carpels. Alternatively, the gynoecium of Ceratophyllum has also been interpreted as syncarpous with a single fertile carpel (pseudomonomerous). We investigate patterns of morphological, anatomical and developmental variation in gynoecia of three Ceratophyllum species to explore the controversial interpretation of its gynoecium as either monomerous or pseudomonomerous. We use an angiosperm-wide morphological data set and contrasting tree topologies to estimate the ancestral gynoecium type in both Ceratophyllum and mesangiosperms. Gynoecia of all three Ceratophyllum species possess a small (sometimes vestigial) glandular appendage on the abaxial side and an occasionally bifurcating apex. The ovary is usually unilocular with two procambium strands, but sometimes bilocular and/or with three strands in C. demersum. None of the possible phylogenetic placements strongly suggest apocarpy in the stem lineage of Ceratophyllum. Rescoring Ceratophyllum as having two united carpels affects broader-scale reconstructions of the ancestral gynoecium in mesangiosperms. Our interpretation of the glandular appendage as a tepal or staminode homologue makes the Ceratophyllum ovary inferior, thus resembling (semi)inferior ovaries of most Chloranthaceae and potentially related fossils Canrightia and Zlatkocarpus. The entire structure of the flower of Ceratophyllum suggests strong reduction following a long and complex evolutionary history. The widely accepted notion that apocarpy is ancestral in mesangiosperms (and angiosperms) lacks robust support, regardless of which modes of carpel fusion are considered. Our study highlights the crucial importance of incorporating fossils into large-scale analyses to understand character evolution.

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“…Accurate scoring of each terminal group ultimately depends on morphological interpretation and is crucial for analyses of character evolution, especially for taxonomically isolated and ancient lineages. At the same time, such interpretation can be highly problematic, as in the gynoecium of Ceratophyllum (Figures 1A-C), an ancient aquatic genus of about six species with minute unisexual flowers and peculiar underwater pollination (Les, 1986;Szalontai et al, 2018). Currently recognized as a distinct order, Ceratophyllales, Ceratophyllum has been described as a 'rogue' or 'orphan' taxon because of its problematic position in phylogenetic analyses (One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, 2019;Albert and Renner, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Ceratophyllum L. taxa: a new perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Shoot Development in Members of an Ancient Aquatic Angiosperm Lineage, Ceratophyllaceae: A New Interpretation Facilitates Comparisons with Chloranthaceae

Shoot Development in Members of an Ancient Aquatic Angiosperm Lineage, Ceratophyllaceae: A New Interpretation Facilitates Comparisons with Chloranthaceae

Refined Interpretation of the Pistillate Flower in Ceratophyllum Sheds Fresh Light on Gynoecium Evolution in Angiosperms

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