Abstract:Oral carcinogenesis is a molecular and histological multistage process featuring genetic and phenotypic molecular markers which involves enhanced function of several protooncogenes, oncogenes and/or the deactivation of tumor suppressor genes, resulting in the over activity of growth factors and its cell surface receptors, which could enhance messenger signaling intracellularly, and/or leads to the increased production of transcription factors. Alone oncogenes are not responsible for carcinogenesis, genes havin… Show more
“…7 This tumor is initiated by the process of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia that occurs in the bronchial epithelium. 24 Consists of squamous cells with…”
Lung carcinoma is cancer that develops from the abnormal proliferation of lung epithelial cells. Lung carcinoma has two forms: Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC). NSCLC makes up 85% of lung carcinomas cases. EGFR overexpression is often seen in NSCLC. This research aims to discuss and provide information about the patient's characteristics, smoking status, functional status, clinical stage, histopathological diagnosis, and EGFR test of NSCLC. This research is a literature study that collects, manages, uses and reviews research data from scientific journals, previous research manuscripts, and textbooks. The literature review results were that most patients with NSCLC were found in the 55–65 age group. NSCLC can happen to both genders. NSCLC was found in smokers and non-smokers. The patient's functional status was mostly "very dependent". The clinical stage of NSCLC patients is often found in stages III and IV. The most common histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC was adenocarcinoma. EGFR results can be positive or negative; most occur in the adenocarcinoma subtype. EGFR overexpression in NSCLC occurs due to somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain, causing continuous signal transduction and phosphorylation.
“…7 This tumor is initiated by the process of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia that occurs in the bronchial epithelium. 24 Consists of squamous cells with…”
Lung carcinoma is cancer that develops from the abnormal proliferation of lung epithelial cells. Lung carcinoma has two forms: Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC). NSCLC makes up 85% of lung carcinomas cases. EGFR overexpression is often seen in NSCLC. This research aims to discuss and provide information about the patient's characteristics, smoking status, functional status, clinical stage, histopathological diagnosis, and EGFR test of NSCLC. This research is a literature study that collects, manages, uses and reviews research data from scientific journals, previous research manuscripts, and textbooks. The literature review results were that most patients with NSCLC were found in the 55–65 age group. NSCLC can happen to both genders. NSCLC was found in smokers and non-smokers. The patient's functional status was mostly "very dependent". The clinical stage of NSCLC patients is often found in stages III and IV. The most common histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC was adenocarcinoma. EGFR results can be positive or negative; most occur in the adenocarcinoma subtype. EGFR overexpression in NSCLC occurs due to somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain, causing continuous signal transduction and phosphorylation.
“…For example, cervical cancer diagnosis requires the uncomfortable procedure of collecting cells from the cervix, the lower and narrow end of the uterus located at the top of the vagina. This method called a “Pap smear” can pose physical discomfort and hinder the early detection and the subsequent treatment of cervical cancer. , Cervical cancer is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the cervical lining, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent type . In its initial stages, cervical cancer might not have noticeable symptoms.…”
Cervical cancer screening is a crucial field of femtech (female technology). In this work, we disclosed a new femtech solution�a simple, straightforward, and on-site applicable urine-based cervical cancer diagnostic method using a fluorescent biothiol probe. Our newly developed nitrobenzene-based fluorescent probe, named NPS-B, effectively differentiates between cysteine and homocysteine within urine samples via controlled Smiles rearrangement. The analysis of emissionbased signals offers the potential utility of this method in cervical cancer. NPS-B was designed by considering the substitution effect and structural polarity of the nitrobenzene-based fluorophore. This controlled modification of nitrobenzene-induced substantial intramolecular charge transfer changes in the fluorophore when exposed to biothiols, resulting in significant changes in photophysical properties. NPS-B displayed different emissions of cysteine and homocysteine in clinical human urine (without prior urine treatment). Overall, our findings provide insights not only into fundamental chemical science but also into the broader domain of applied sciences.
“…About 90% of all oral cancers are OSCCs (1). Oral cancers that affect the salivary glands, pharynx, and oral cavity account for 2% to 4% of all cancer cases globally (2,3).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous single or multicenter studies have consistently shown a relationship between a number of prognostic markers and disease-specific survival, local and regional recurrence, and lymph node metastasis. The prognosticators are extranodal extension (ENE), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), depth of invasion (DOI), and pattern of invasion (POI) (1,3,5) .…”
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent head and neck tumour, which is also one of the main causes of cancer-specific mortality. The most often impacted area of OSCC is the tongue. Occult nodal metastasis is the most significant indicator for prognosis of early-stage OSCC with a clinically negative neck. It was discovered that depth of invasion was a highly accurate indicator of occult nodal metastasis in OSCC, making it potentially a very valuable tool for predicting the incidence of nodal dissemination and, consequently, prognosis. Aim: To determine the correlation between depth of invasion and staging of cancer. Materials and methods: Evaluated the records of OSCC patients retrospectively. Depth of invasion for 30 excision specimens were measured using the magna software. The data was statistically analysed using SPSS software. Results: DOI less than 5mm can be considered as stage one of OSCC. Similarly DOI of 6-10 mm as stage 2 and 11-15 mm as stage 3. Furthermore, depth of invasion above 16mm can be considered as stage 4 which involves nodal metastasis.
Conclusion:The study concludes that there is correlation between depth of invasion and staging of OSCC, thus DOI can be considered as an important prognosis factor.
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