Molecular Oxygen in the Nearest QSO Mrk 231

Wang, Junzhi; Li, Di; Goldsmith, Paul F.; Zhang, Zhiyu; Gao, Yu; Shi, Yong; Li, Shanghuo; Fang, Min; Li, Juan; Zhang, J. S.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab612d

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…As noted previously in Section 1, IRAS F07599+6508 and Mrk 231 share many common or similar properties in multi-wavelength, i.e., X-ray, UV, optical, and IR, and have been proposed as local templates of candidate ULIRG-to-optical QSO transition objects. Highresolution CO observations of Mrk 231 show that the molecular gas is concentrated in the central ∼1 kpc rotating disk (Downes & Solomon 1998;Cicone et al 2012;Feruglio et al 2015), though O 2 emission might be present over ∼10 kpc (Wang et al 2020). Compared with Mrk 231, the molecular gas of IRAS F07599+6508 is also likely distributed in a disk with systematic velocity gradient in the main component, but much more extended with a size of ∼6.1 kpc.…”

Section: Comparison Of Molecular Gas With Mrk 231mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The sensitive CO(1−0) mapping observations will help constrain the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas reservoir in IRAS F07599+6508 and offer the possibility of detecting the molecular outflow based on the presence of broad wings in the CO line emission. Tremendous amount of observing time were devoted to Mrk 231 on NOEMA revealing the outstanding molecular outflows including in dense gas tracers (Aalto et al 2012), and likely the ten-tative detection of large-scale molecular oxygen emission (Wang et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deep Observations of CO and Free-Free Emission in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO IRAS F07599+6508

Tan,

Gao,

Daddi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Infrared quasi-stellar objects (IR QSOs) are a rare subpopulation selected from ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and have been regarded as promising candidates of ULIRG-to-optical QSO transition objects. Here we present NOEMA observations of the CO(1−0) line and 3 mm continuum emission in an IR QSO IRAS F07599+6508 at z = 0.1486, which has many properties in common with Mrk 231. The CO emission is found to be resolved with a major axis of ∼6.1 kpc that is larger than the size of ∼4.0 kpc derived for 3 mm continuum. We identify two faint CO features located at a projected distance of ∼11.4 and 19.1 kpc from the galaxy nucleus, respectively, both of which are found to have counterparts in the optical and radio bands and may have a merger origin. A systematic velocity gradient is found in the CO main component, suggesting that the bulk of molecular gas is likely rotationally supported. Based on the radio-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution and IR data, we estimate that about 30% of the flux at 3 mm arises from free-free emission and infer a free-free-derived star formation rate of 77 M ⊙ yr −1 , close to the IR estimate corrected for the AGN contribution. We find a high-velocity CO emission feature at the velocity range of about −1300 to −2000 km s −1 . Additional deep CO observations are needed to confirm the presence of a possible very high-velocity CO extension of the OH outflow in this IR QSO.

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Section: Comparison Of Molecular Gas With Mrk 231mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Observations of CO and Free-Free Emission in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO IRAS F07599+6508

Tan,

Gao,

Daddi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The second biosignature is molecular oxygen. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe, yet molecular oxygen is one of the most elusive molecules (Wang et al 2020). This is often cited to be due to O 2 's high chemical reactivity and lack of electric dipole moment (Luspay-Kuti et al 2018).…”

Section: Molecular Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is often cited to be due to O 2 's high chemical reactivity and lack of electric dipole moment (Luspay-Kuti et al 2018). Even now, a comprehensive picture of oxygen chemistry in interstellar environments is still missing (Wang et al 2020;Wakelam et al 2010;Agundez & Cernicharo 2006).…”

Section: Molecular Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large-scale approach to modelling Biosignatures: First Steps

Cross¹,

Pignatari²,

Benoit³

et al. 2024

Preprint

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<p>For this poster I will be presenting the approaches taken to produce synthetic spectra for molecules believed to be biosignatures. In astrochemistry, biosignatures describe a group of molecules which could be produced by life and therefore act as an indication of it. Naturally, by being able to identify these molecules it will be possible to screen exoplanets for the possibility of harbouring life.&#160;</p> <p>Recently, Seager, Bains and Petkowski (2016) produced a catalogue of possible biosignatures, which totalled above 14,000 molecules. There are groups such as the ExoMol group which model these molecules at extremely high precision. However, due to the large number of molecules, a high precision method would take an unreasonable amount of time and therefore a faster means of producing spectra is required. The work shown within is designed to be quick and produce data for the full rovibronic spectrum rather than selected bands. I will show that anharmonic corrections are needed to be able to simulate qualitatively correct ro-vibrational transitions. In my method, this is done by implementing TOSH, transition optimised shifted hermites, which was first detailed by Lin, Gilbert and Gill (2007). Finally I will be presenting my latest results using this analytical anharmonic approach.&#160;</p>

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“…Mrk 231 is the nearest quasar and the most luminous Ultra-Luminous InfraRed Galaxy in the nearby Universe (Feruglio et al 2010). Lately, the emission feature in its spectra has been reported as the first detection of extragalactic molecular oxygen (Wang at al. 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmed short periodic variability of subparsec supermassive binary black hole candidate Mrk 231

Kovačević

Dai

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Here we confirm the short periodic variability of a subparsec supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) candidate Mrk 231 in the extended optical photometric data set collected by the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS) and All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN). Using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and 2DHybrid method, we detected the significant periodicity of ∼ 1.1 yr beyond a damped random walk model in the CRTS+ASAS-SN optical data set. Mrk 231 has been previously proposed as a SMBBH candidate with a highly unequal mass ratio (q ∼ 0.03), very tight mutual separation of ∼ 590 AU, and an orbital period of ∼ 1.2 yr. Hence, our result further supports, even though not prove, the intriguing hypothesis that SMBBHs with low mass ratios may be more common than close-equal mass SMBBHs. This result, however, was obtained from the contribution of CRTS data with limited sampling cadence and photometric accuracy, and further monitoring of Mrk 231 is crucial to confirm the periodicity.

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Molecular Oxygen in the Nearest QSO Mrk 231

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Deep Observations of CO and Free-Free Emission in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO IRAS F07599+6508

Deep Observations of CO and Free-Free Emission in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO IRAS F07599+6508

A large-scale approach to modelling Biosignatures: First Steps

Confirmed short periodic variability of subparsec supermassive binary black hole candidate Mrk 231

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