Molecular Organization of the Lipid Matrix in Stratum Corneum and Its Relevance for the Protective Functions of Human Skin

Boncheva, Mila

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27606-4_10

Cited by 1 publication

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References 179 publications

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“…The variety of chain lengths and headgroup structures results in the existence of over 400 different ceramide species [29,30,38]. Most common for the ceramides are lengths of [24][25][26] [37], whereas most common for the fatty acids are lengths of 22-26 carbon atoms [39]. Contrary to the cell membrane lipids, the lipid hydrocarbon chains of both ceramides and fatty acids are predominantly saturated.…”

Section: Composition and Local Environment Of The Sc Lipid Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of this strategy, however, necessitates making assumptions for the refractive index of the lipid matrix and the pK a values of the fluorescent probes within the lipid lamellae; furthermore, the Henderson-Hasselbalch correlation used to calculate the pH is valid only for dilute water solutions, a situation far from the reality within the SC lipids matrix. Another approach for calculating the proton concentrations Figure 1 Chemical structures of the lipids of human SC (modified from [26]). The nomenclature of the most prevalent 12 ceramide classes is shown using the classification of Motta et al [27] (in capital letters) and using the earlier classification based on chromatographic mobility (in parentheses).…”

Section: Composition and Local Environment Of The Sc Lipid Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a general consensus that the lipid molecules of the SC matrix form extended lamellae in the extracellular space surrounding the corneocytes [26]. In such three-dimensional structures, we distinguish between lateral organization (i.e.…”

Section: Molecular Organization Of the Sc Lipids And Its Relevance Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physical chemistry of the stratum corneum lipids

Boncheva

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisThe extracellular matrix of stratum corneum (SC) participates actively in the defensive performance of human skin. Understanding its physicochemical properties is essential for understanding the skin homoeostasis, for the development of efficient therapies for skin disorders and diseases and for ensuring the safety of products designed for topical application. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the composition, self-assembly and molecular organization of the SC lipids, reviews the evidence connecting these parameters and the barrier properties of human skin, and outlines the immediate issues in the field of SC lipid research. R ESUM E: La matrice extracellulaire du stratum corneum (SC) participe activement a la performance d efensive de la peau humaine. Comprendre ses propri et es physico-chimiques est essentielle pour comprendre l'hom eostasie de la peau, pour le d eveloppement de th erapies efficaces pour les troubles et les maladies de la peau, et pour assurer la s ecurit e des produits conc ßus pour une application topique. Cet article r esume les connaissances actuelles sur la composition, l'auto-assemblage, et l'organisation mol eculaire des lipides SC, examine les preuves reliant ces param etres et les propri et es de barri ere de la peau humaine, et d ecrit les probl emes imm ediats dans le domaine de la recherche sur les lipides SC. IntroductionThe field of skin research is replete with opportunities for those intent on working on scientifically interesting topics while making a noticeable, positive difference in people's lives [1]. The range of important problems that the field can help solving is broad. It comprises (i) reducing infant mortality, especially in the developing countries where defective skin barrier is the second major cause of preterm mortality [2][3][4][5][6]; (ii) improving the skin health of some 20-30% of the population in the developed countries which suffer from some sort of skin barrier dysfunction [7,8]; (iii) developing efficient strategies for the dermal and transdermal delivery of drugs and vaccines [9]; (iv) increasing the national and personal security by developing methods to retard or prevent the skin penetration of chemical warfare agents, toxic spills and pesticides [10, 11]; (v) enhancing the safety of topical products (e.g. fragrances, cosmetics, cleansing agents, sunscreens and insect repellents) [12]. Thus, the targets in skin research cover the full spectrum from counter-acting leaky skin and preventing its penetration by chemicals to pushing chemicals through it. One common major problem underlies these diverse topics: our insufficient understanding of the factors that determine skin permeability.Understanding the permeability of human skin to a large extent means understanding the extracellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC), the topmost skin layer which constitutes the main barrier to transdermal fluxes [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. As the lipid matrix forms an uninterrupted pathway from the skin surface to the viable skin tissu...

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