Molecular networks affected by neonatal microbial colonization in porcine jejunum, luminally perfused with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, F4ac fimbria or Lactobacillus amylovorus

Abstract

The development of an early complex gut microbiota may play an important role in the protection against intestinal dysbiosis later in life. The significance of the developed microbiota for gut barrier functionality upon interaction with pathogenic or beneficial bacteria is largely unknown. The transcriptome of differently perfused jejunal loops of 12 caesarian-derived pigs, neonatally associated with microbiota of different complexity, was studied. Piglets received pasteurized sow colostrum at birth (d0), a starter microbiota (Lactobacillus amylovorus (LAM), Clostridium glycolicum, and Parabacteroides) on d1-d3, and a placebo inoculant (simple association, SA) or an inoculant consisting of sow’s diluted feces (complex association, CA) on d3-d4. On d 26–37, jejunal loops were perfused for 8 h with either enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC), purified F4 fimbriae, LAM or saline control (CTRL). Gene expression of each intestinal loop was analyzed by Affymetrix Porcine Gene 1.1_ST array strips. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed on expression values. Compared to CTRL, 184 and 74; 2 and 139; 2 and 48 gene sets, were up- and down-regulated by ETEC, F4 and LAM, respectively. ETEC up-regulated networks related to inflammatory and immune responses, RNA processing, and mitosis. There was a limited overlap in up-regulated gene sets between ETEC and F4 fimbriae. LAM down-regulated genes related to inflammatory and immune responses, as well as to cellular compound metabolism. In CA pigs, 57 gene sets were up-regulated by CA, while 73 were down-regulated compared to SA. CA up-regulated gene sets related to lymphocyte modulation and to cellular defense in all loop perfusions. In CA pigs, compared to SA pigs, genes for chemokine and cytokine activity and for response to external stimuli were down-regulated in ETEC-perfused loops and up-regulated in CTRL. The results highlight the importance of the nature of neonatal microbial colonization in the response to microbial stimuli later in life.

Contribution of L-Arginine supplementation during gestation on sow productive performance and on sow microbial faecal profile

“…The results suggest that Arg supplementation did not affect the sows intestinal eubiosis and as a consequence, it can be assumed that it did not affect the environmental microbiome in which new-born piglets were born and raised. This aspect is of crucial importance since piglet at birth is not colonised by bacteria and the early and proper establishment of a eubiotic microbiota, which occurs through the contact with the microbiotaderived by sows and environmental, is mainly important for the establishment of stable microbial community structures (Guevarra et al 2019) that can favour the development of the immune system (Stokes 2017;Trevisi et al 2018) and growth performance of pigs later in life (Mach et al 2015;Kiros et al 2019).…”

“…The importance of the intestinal microbiota is becoming more and more evident as a factor capable of modulating the physiological development and health status of pigs, preventing colonisation by pathogenic bacteria in the piglet (Schokker et al 2014). It is not known, however, if the Arg supplementation to a gestation diet could have an impact on the composition of the sow's intestinal microbiota and therefore, in the first days of life of the piglet, this could lead favourably to the establishment of a 'beneficial' microbial profile (eubiosis) contributing to maintaining a good health status of suckling piglets (Mach et al 2015;Stokes et al 2017;Trevisi et al 2018).…”

Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs

“…These results are consistent with the findings of Trevisi, Latorre et al () for ETEC‐infected pigs. Particularly, REG3G protein is mainly expressed in the intestinal crypts; it is associated with the host C‐type lectins and with antimicrobial activity, and indeed, REG3G expression increases in infected pigs (Soler, Miller, Nöbauer, Carpentier, & Niewold, ; Trevisi et al, ). Furthermore, an increase in REG3G expression with the phenotype for ETEC intestinal adhesion was seen in healthy pigs fed a low dose of oral tryptophan (17% to lysine), but not with a higher dose (22% to lysine) (Trevisi et al, ).…”

“…The semi‐quantitative PCR (qPCR) of interleukin‐8 ( IL8 ), glutathione peroxidase ( GPX2 ), regenerating islet‐derived 3 gamma ( REG3G ), trefoil factor 3 ( TFF3) , C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 ( CCL20 ), ST3 beta‐galactoside alpha‐2,3‐sialyltransferase 1 ( ST3GAL ), lipopolysaccharide binding protein ( LBPI ) were performed in a Light Cycler instrument (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The genes related to immune function ( IL8 , CCL20 and REG3G ), antimicrobial activity ( LBPI ) and inflammatory response ( GPX2 , TFF3 ) were selected because highlighted in several studies as effective markers able to disclose alterations of the gut mucosa homoeostasis, especially in ETEC‐infected pigs (Bosi et al, ; Sargeant et al, ; Trevisi, Latorre et al, ; Trevisi et al, ).…”

Investigation of the Defatted Colostrum 1H-NMR Metabolomics Profile of Gilts and Multiparous Sows and Its Relationship with Litter Performance

“…The colostrum quantity and quality may contribute to differences in progeny of first-parity sows compared with multiparous sows. Organic components of colostrum (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) provide energy to the newborn; furthermore, colostrum is rich in antibodies, immunoglobulins (Igs), leukocytes, selenium, vitamin E, and oligosaccharides which are essential for immune function of the piglets [4][5][6][7] and for the establishment of the microbiota in piglets' intestine [8], which contribute to intestinal immune system development [9,10].…”