Molecular network‐guided chemical profile and mass spectrometry, volatile compounds, and antimicrobial activity of Scaptotrigona depilis propolis

Abstract

Rationale: Propolis has a great diversity in its composition due to numerous factors; therefore, each study is an important contribution to the knoFwledge of its composition and biological action. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical profile and biological activity of propolis produced by Scaptotrigona depilis.Methods: Extracts with 70% ethanol (EPE70) and with cereal alcohol (CAPE) were elaborated, and then characterized using UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Volatile compounds were extracted and then characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, antimicrobial activities were verified against resistant strains. Results:The volatile compounds of propolis predominantly consist of sesquiterpenes. Using the exploratory metabolomic approach, compounds of different classes were putatively identified in the ethanolic extracts, of which the most representative were terpenes, and some of the sesquiterpenes identified among the volatiles were also detected. The extracts were shown to be active against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 and 1.0 mg mL À1 , respectively. Conclusions:The molecular network approach proved to be determining the chemical profile of S. depilis propolis rapidly and accurately, and led to the identification of lipophilic compounds. The identification of compounds using GC-MS and UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS is complementary and useful for the characterization of propolis.

Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Scaptotrigona Bee Products (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): An Review

“…The antibacterial potential of the ethanolic extract of S. depilis propolis was also demonstrated against standard and resistant strains, with a MIC of 1.67, 2.00, 2.67, 3.00, 3.50, 4.67, 3.50, 5.75, 6.50, 6.83, 8.25 and 8.75 mg/mL, for the bacteria S. aureus (ATCC 6538, ESA175 and ESA 159), E. faecalis (ATCC 43300, ESA 201 and ESA 361), E. coli (ATCC 29998, ESA 37 and ESA 54), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 15442, ESA 22 and ESA 23), which are similar to the gentamicin control [11] . The antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and cereal alcohol extracts of S. depilis propolis was also demonstrated, which inhibited the growth of the strain of E. coli ATCC 13863 (MIC: 0.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MIC: 1 mg/mL), respectively [28] …”

“…As for the chemical profile of the volatile compounds of S. depilis propolis, it was demonstrated the mainly presence of sesquiterpenes, such as cis ‐β‐farnesene, α‐guayene, α‐selinene and α‐bulnesene, and ester such as isovalerate [28] . These data corroborate the results obtained by Isidorov et al ., [15] where the characterization of the volatile compounds of S. postica propolis by GC‐MS identified the presence of terpenoids such as monoterpenoids ( trans ‐linalool oxide), triterpenoids (lupeol, α‐amirin, β‐amirin), sesquiterpenes (α‐gurjunene, β‐caryophyllene), alcohols (ethylhexanol, ethanol), aliphatic acids (acetic acid, propanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid) and esters (2‐Ethylhexyl acetate, ethyl propionate).…”

Antibacterial and Toxic Activity of Geopropolis Extracts from Melipona subnitida (Ducke, 1910) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Scaptotrigona depilis (Moure, 1942) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

“…[48,49] Studies investigating the antibacterial activity of geopropolis from S. depilis reveal differences when compared with our findings, samples collected by Campos et al [50] obtained with ethanolic solvent showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with MIC values ranging from 3.50 mg/mL (= 3,500 μg/mL), 1.67 mg/mL (= 1,670 μg/ mL) and 6.83 mg/mL (= 6,830 μg/mL), respectively. Likewise, Souza et al , [51] found that geopropolis extract of S. depilis extracted with 70 % ethanol as solvent was active both against E. coli at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL (= 500 μg/mL), and with grain alcohol against S. aureus, with a concentration of 1 mg/mL (= 1000 μg /mL).…”

Foodomics Reveals Anti‐Obesity Properties of Cannabinoids from Hemp Oil

“…Therefore, MN has been implemented in different fields, particularly natural product identification and metabolomics. [2][3][4] On other hand, the emerged foodomic approaches involve the use of multiple omics tools to reveal the underlying biological questions in the field of food. [5] So far, foodomics has been widely used in the food domains to improve consumers' well-being, health, and confidence [6,7] In recent years, multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that MS-MN enabled omics investigation with much reduced time and cost.…”

“…Therefore, MN has been implemented in different fields, particularly natural product identification and metabolomics. [ 2–4 ]…”