Fascioliasis is a plant- and waterborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by two trematode species: (i)
Fasciola hepatica
in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania and (ii)
F. gigantica
, which is restricted to Africa and Asia. Fasciolid liver flukes infect mainly herbivores as ruminants, equids, and camelids but also omnivore mammals as humans and swine and are transmitted by freshwater Lymnaeidae snail vectors.