Molecular monitoring of the development of intestinal microbiota in Japanese infants

Tsuji, Hirokazu; Oozeer, Raish; Matsuda, Kazunori; Ohta, Toshihisa; Nomoto, Koji; Tanaka, Ryuichiro; Kawashima, Minoru; Kawashima, Kazunari; Nagata, Satoru; Yamashiro, Yuichiro

doi:10.3920/bm2011.0038

Cited by 80 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Breastfeeding status also strongly affects stool microbiota 20 ; and in these infants, who were all predominantly breastfed, more extensive breastfeeding was associated with a higher abundance of B longum, as might be expected, but few other differences were seen (Supplemental Table 9). Nutritional status (as measured by length-for-age) was also found to be positively associated with B longum and negatively associated with Escherichia/Shigella (Supplemental Table 10).…”

Section: Environmental Factors and Stool Microbiota Composition At 15mentioning

confidence: 91%

Stool Microbiota and Vaccine Responses of Infants

Huda

Lewis²,

Kalanetra³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

331

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Oral vaccine responses are low in children from less-developed countries perhaps as a result of intestinal dysbiosis. New high-throughput DNA-based methods allow characterization of intestinal microbiota as a predictor of vaccine responses.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: High abundance of stool Actinobacteria, including Bifidobacterium, was associated with higher responses to oral and parenteral vaccines and a larger thymus in Bangladeshi infants. Conversely, high abundance of Clostridiales, Enterobacteriales, and Pseudomonadales was associated with neutrophilia and lower vaccine responses. abstract OBJECTIVE: Oral vaccine efficacy is low in less-developed countries, perhaps due to intestinal dysbiosis. This study determined if stool microbiota composition predicted infant oral and parenteral vaccine responses. METHODS:The stool microbiota of 48 Bangladeshi infants was characterized at 6, 11, and 15 weeks of age by amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene V4 region and by Bifidobacterium-specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Responses to oral polio virus (OPV), bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), tetanus toxoid (TT), and hepatitis B virus vaccines were measured at 15 weeks by using vaccine-specific T-cell proliferation for all vaccines, the delayed-type hypersensitivity skin-test response for BCG, and immunoglobulin G responses using the antibody in lymphocyte supernatant method for OPV, TT, and hepatitis B virus. Thymic index (TI) was measured by ultrasound.RESULTS: Actinobacteria (predominantly Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis) dominated the stool microbiota, with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes increasing by 15 weeks. Actinobacteria abundance was positively associated with T-cell responses to BCG, OPV, and TT; with the delayed-type hypersensitivity response; with immunoglobulin G responses; and with TI. B longum subspecies infantis correlated positively with TI and several vaccine responses. Bacterial diversity and abundance of Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, and Clostridiales were associated with neutrophilia and lower vaccine responses.CONCLUSIONS: Bifidobacterium predominance may enhance thymic development and responses to both oral and parenteral vaccines early in infancy, whereas deviation from this pattern, resulting in greater bacterial diversity, may cause systemic inflammation (neutrophilia) and lower vaccine responses. Vaccine responsiveness may be improved by promoting intestinal bifidobacteria and minimizing dysbiosis early in infancy.

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Section: Environmental Factors and Stool Microbiota Composition At 15mentioning

confidence: 91%

Stool Microbiota and Vaccine Responses of Infants

Huda

Lewis²,

Kalanetra³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

331

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other reports have described a paucity of B. longum subsp. infantis in the stool of infants born in New Zealand, United Kingdom, and Italy but its abundance in stool of African (Ghana), Indian, and Japanese babies (28)(29)(30). Data from the United Kingdom is, however, contradictory (31) but could depend on the identification method used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Compositions of the Stool Microbiotas of Infants Fed Goat Milk Formula, Cow Milk-Based Formula, or Breast Milk

Tannock

Lawley

Munro

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

185

179

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The aim of the study was to compare the compositions of the fecal microbiotas of infants fed goat milk formula to those of infants fed cow milk formula or breast milk as the gold standard. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences was used in the analysis of the microbiotas in stool samples collected from 90 Australian babies (30 in each group) at 2 months of age. Beta-diversity analysis of total microbiota sequences and Lachnospiraceae sequences revealed that they were more similar in breast milk/goat milk comparisons than in breast milk/cow milk comparisons. The Lachnospiraceae were mostly restricted to a single species (Ruminococcus gnavus) in breast milk-fed and goat milk-fed babies compared to a more diverse collection in cow milkfed babies. Bifidobacteriaceae were abundant in the microbiotas of infants in all three groups. Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the most commonly detected bifidobacterial species. A semiquantitative PCR method was devised to differentiate between B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis and was used to test stool samples. B. longum subsp. infantis was seldom present in stools, even of breast milk-fed babies. The presence of B. bifidum in the stools of breast milk-fed infants at abundances greater than 10% of the total microbiota was associated with the highest total abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae. When Bifidobacteriaceae abundance was low, Lachnospiraceae abundances were greater. New information about the composition of the fecal microbiota when goat milk formula is used in infant nutrition was thus obtained. Natural microbial communities such as those that inhabit the human bowel carry out diverse and complex biochemical processes (1, 2). Investigations of factors involved in community structure and function require an understanding of the trophic requirements of the microbial members. Optimally, this requires laboratory experiments with cultured bacteria. However, the first step in ecological research is to determine the phylogenetic composition of the microbial community of interest.Most infant formulas are manufactured using cow milk as a base. Goat milk provides an alternative basis for the production of infant formula. Like cow milk, goat milk needs to be fortified to provide optimal nutrition for infants (3). The amount of lactose in cow and goat milk is about the same, but there are other compositional differences (4). Alpha-s1 casein is present in ruminant milk but not in breast milk. Compared to cow milk, goat milk contains much lower concentrations of alpha-s1 casein and higher concentrations of nucleotides and polyamines as well as some of the essential amino acids. Breast milk differs from ruminant milks in that sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides (human milk oligosaccharides [HMO]) are the third largest component (5). The HMO are utilized for growth by bifidobacteria, and their presence in breast milk is the likely explanation as to why there is generally a greater abundance of these bacteria in th...

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“…We have previously reported dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota of 166 healthy newborns from day 1 after birth through 3 years of age, including the demonstration that a wide variety of obligate anaerobes colonize the neonatal intestine immediately after birth [18] . Most of these infants, especially those who are breast-fed, were found to develop a Bifidobacterium -dominated microbiota by the age of 3 months [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At birth, the newborn leaves a germ-free intrauterine environment (although some recent studies on placental microbiome challenge this paradigm) [15] and enters a highly contaminated extrauterine world. Within the first few hours of birth, intestinal colonization takes place; this process is influenced by various factors, such as the mode of delivery, gestational age, feeding diet, genetic and environmental factors and maternal health [14,[16][17][18] . We have previously reported dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota of 166 healthy newborns from day 1 after birth through 3 years of age, including the demonstration that a wide variety of obligate anaerobes colonize the neonatal intestine immediately after birth [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the first few hours of birth, intestinal colonization takes place; this process is influenced by various factors, such as the mode of delivery, gestational age, feeding diet, genetic and environmental factors and maternal health [14,[16][17][18] . We have previously reported dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota of 166 healthy newborns from day 1 after birth through 3 years of age, including the demonstration that a wide variety of obligate anaerobes colonize the neonatal intestine immediately after birth [18] . Most of these infants, especially those who are breast-fed, were found to develop a Bifidobacterium -dominated microbiota by the age of 3 months [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Microbiota Profiles of Healthy Pre-School and School-Age Children and Effects of Probiotic Supplementation

et al. 2015

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Objectives: This study aims to establish the baseline profile of intestinal microbiota in pre-school and school-age Japanese children and to investigate the effects of a probiotic on the microbiota. Methods: We analyzed the intestinal microbiota and investigated the effects (before, during and after the ingestion period) on intestinal microbiota and the environment of 6 months of daily ingestion of a probiotic (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-fermented milk). Results: We performed an open trial in 23 children (14 boys, 9 girls; age 7.7 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD); BMI 19.6 ± 4.6). The composition of intestinal microbiota of healthy pre-school and school-age children resembled that of adults. During probiotic supplementation, the population levels of Bifidobacterium and total Lactobacillus increased significantly, while those of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Clostridium perfringens decreased significantly. A significant increase in fecal concentrations of organic acids and also a decrease in fecal pH were observed during the ingestion period. However, the patterns of fecal microbiota and intestinal environment were found to revert to the baseline levels (i.e. before ingestion) within 6 months following the cessation of probiotic intake. Conclusion: Regular intake of an LcS-containing probiotic product may modify the gut microbiota composition and intestinal environment in pre-school and school-age children while maintaining the homeostasis of the microbiota.

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Molecular monitoring of the development of intestinal microbiota in Japanese infants

Cited by 80 publications

References 31 publications

Stool Microbiota and Vaccine Responses of Infants

Stool Microbiota and Vaccine Responses of Infants

Comparison of the Compositions of the Stool Microbiotas of Infants Fed Goat Milk Formula, Cow Milk-Based Formula, or Breast Milk

Intestinal Microbiota Profiles of Healthy Pre-School and School-Age Children and Effects of Probiotic Supplementation

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