Molecular Method Confirms Canine Leishmania Infection Detected by Serological Methods in Non-Endemic Area of Brazil

Riboldi, Emeline de Oliveira; Carvalho, Flávio Luiz Nunes de; Romão, Pedro Roosevelt Torres; Barcellos, Regina Bones; Bello, Graziele Lima; Ramos, Raquel Rocha; Oliveira, Rodrigo Santos de; Júnior, João Pessoa Araújo; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia Rosa; Dallegrave, Eliane

doi:10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.11

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…No entanto, esses testes sorológicos apresentam limitações importantes, como reações cruzadas − que permanecem controversas − com parasitas Trypanosoma, espécies de leishmaniose cutânea e outros hemoparasitas (Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum), bem como resultados falso-negativos em casos de anergia ou baixos títulos (reações duvidosas) (18) . Ainda, estudos com o uso do método molecular (PCR) para detecção de Leishmania chagasi demonstraram ser essenciais para o diagnóstico acurado da LVC, especialmente em cães assintomáticos provenientes de áreas não endêmicas, nas quais os testes sorológicos não conseguiram acusar um número expressivo de animais infectados (19,6% -falso-negativos) (17,19) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A justificativa da erradicação do cão positivo para LVC baseia-se, principalmente, no contato íntimo do cão com o ser humano, já que casos de LVC antecedem os casos em seres humanos nas áreas urbanas do Brasil (32) e, mesmo apesar de a frequência de infecção de ambos apresentar diferenças, o parasita dos dois hospedeiros é o mesmo. Entretanto, a eutanásia de animais positivos é vista como equivocada por muitos estudiosos para o combate à disseminação da doença, pois, além de apresentar diagnósticos que não são suficientemente acurados para essa conduta (10,18,19) , principalmente pela baixa sensibilidade dos métodos sorológicos utilizados (7,18,19) , a literatura reporta o pouco impacto dessa prática sobre a redução de casos humanos e caninos (33,34,35) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Ribeiro¹,

Gonçalves

Cruz³

et al. 2019

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) em área periurbana com foco de transmissão no Distrito Federal (DF) e também avaliar a prevalência de coinfecções como dirofilariose, anaplasmose, erliquiose e doença de Lyme em cães sororreagentes para LVC. Inicialmente, amostras de soros dos cães da área de estudo foram testadas à reação imunocromatográfica que contém dois antígenos recombinantes ̶ rK39 e rK26 − (DPP) para Leishmania sp. O soro dos animais reagentes ao teste de DPP foi confirmado para LVC com ELISA. As amostras reagentes a ambos os testes foram analisadas para possíveis coinfecções através do teste de SNAP (IDEXX 4Dx Plus). Foram avaliados 240 cães, dos quais 132 (55%) obtiveram resultados reagentes para DPP e para ELISA concomitantemente, sendo diagnosticados com LVC. Destes, 26 (20%) foram reagentes para Ehrlichia canis ou E. ewangii, 9 (7%) apresentaram positividade para Anaplasma phagocytophilum ou A. platys e, nessas amostras que se apresentaram reagentes, observou-se a ocorrência de coinfecção de anaplasmose, erliquiose e leishmaniose em 3 (2,3%) animais. Verificou-se alta prevalência da LVC na região periurbana do DF, destacando-se a necessidade de diagnóstico mais preciso quanto a coinfecções que possivelmente podem influenciar no prognóstico e manifestação do quadro clínico desses pacientes.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Ribeiro¹,

Gonçalves

Cruz³

et al. 2019

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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“…Moreover, the presence of Lutzomya longipalpis was confirmed in some municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul [5]. Recently our group showed a prevalence of 4% of CVL in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre using serological assays and real-time PCR as confirmatory [25]. Even though serological tests are routinely employed for diagnosing CVL, they have limitations in sensitivity, especially in asymptomatic dogs, and therefore may underestimate the Leishmania infection rates [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

et al. 2018

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Although serological assays have been widely used for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), they present different performances depending on the clinical profile of the dogs. This study evaluated the accuracy of serological tests, immunochromatographic (Dual Path Platform: DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA EIE®), for CVL in relation to the detection of Leishmania DNA through real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs from a non-endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Serum from 140 dogs (39 symptomatic and 101 asymptomatic) was tested by DPP and ELISA followed by real-time PCR. From a total of 140 samples evaluated, Leishmania DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 41.4% (58/140). Moreover, 67.2% of samples positive in real-time PCR were positive in both DPP and ELISA (39/58), showing moderate agreement between methods. In the symptomatic group, one sample non-reactive in both serological assays was positive in real-time PCR, whereas in the asymptomatic group, 17.8% non-reactive or undetermined samples in serological assays were positive in the molecular method. Leishmania DNA was not detected in 17.9% reactive samples by serological assays from the symptomatic group, and in 3.9% from asymptomatic dogs. Real-time PCR demonstrated greater homogeneity between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups compared with DPP and ELISA. The molecular method can help to establish the correct CVL diagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic dogs, avoiding undesirable euthanasia.

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“…A recent study comparing previous (ELISA EIE plus IFI-CVL) and current (TR-DPP and ELISA EIE) diagnostic protocols in Brazil showed an increase in the performance of the latter, and a reduction in false positives 36 . However, a study of 405 asymptomatic dogs from a non-endemic area in Southern Brazil showed no agreement between serological and molecular (real-time PCR) results in cases of low parasite load 37 . In our study, Leishmania parasites and/or Leishmania DNA were confirmed in 100% of CVL seropositive dogs, regardless of clinical status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in area with recent Leishmania transmission: prevalence, diagnosis, and molecular identification of the infecting species

Lopes

Michalsky

Pereira

et al. 2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is an endemic disease in Brazil, and integrated control actions have been adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health to control its spread. However, the transmission profile is unknown in areas with recent CVL cases, including Itaúna, located in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, where the present study was carried out. Methods: A total of 2,302 dogs from 12 neighborhoods were serologically tested for canine VL using the current diagnostic protocol adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Test positivity rate (TPR) and CVL prevalence were determined for each neighborhood. The presence of Leishmania was assessed in 60 seropositive dogs which had been recommended for euthanasia. Twenty-two of them (37%) were asymptomatic, and 38 (63%) were symptomatic for CVL. Parasitological (myeloculture and smear/imprint) and molecular (PCR) methods were employed for Leishmania detection in bone marrow, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ear skin. The infecting Leishmania species was identified by DNA sequencing. Results: CVL prevalence (per 1,000 dogs) varied from 0.0-166.67, depending on the neighborhood, with a mean of 68.96 (SD 51.38). Leishmania DNA was detected in at least one tissue from all seropositive dogs, with comparable TPR among tissues. Leishmania parasites were identified in most (54/60) seropositive dogs, and the infecting parasite was identified as Leishmania infantum in all of these. Conclusions: Prevalence of CVL is a contributor to the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Itaúna.

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Molecular Method Confirms Canine Leishmania Infection Detected by Serological Methods in Non-Endemic Area of Brazil

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Prevalência Da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina E Coinfecções Em Região Periurbana No Distrito Federal – Brasil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in area with recent Leishmania transmission: prevalence, diagnosis, and molecular identification of the infecting species

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