Molecular metabolic fingerprinting approach to investigate the effects of borneol on metabolic alterations in the liver of nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the major risk factor that underlie a wide range of cardiovascular irregularities which causes functional and metabolic alterations in vascular system and major organs. Nitric oxide is the central regulator of the vascular system and its deficiency leads to increased blood pressure and metabolic alterations in liver. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that uses infrared radiation to vibrate molecular bonds with in the sample that absorbs it and different samples contain diverse configurations of molecular bonds. Both wavenumber and area of the vibrational spectra can be used to explore the qualitative and quantitative constituent of macromolecules. In this study, we intended to evaluate the protective role of borneol, a natural terpene on liver metabolism in a nitric oxide deficient model of hypertension through interpretation of FTIR spectral information. Results demonstrate that FTIR can successfully indicate the molecular changes that occur in all groups. The over all findings demonstrate that in nitric oxide deficient animal model of hypertension, the liver metabolic program is altered through increasing the structural modification in proteins and triglycerides, and quantitative alteration in proteins, lipids, and glycogen. All the above mentioned modifications were protected by borneol in liver and showed its ability to exert a novel defensive action on hepatic metabolism.

Diosgenin prevents hepatic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and molecular alterations in chronic renal failure rats

“…A previous study indicates that this kind of changes may associate with oxidative stress generated in liver. [14] The above shift was signifi cantly protected by diosgenin which indicates its protective effect on lipid species through its antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidative potential in liver as already reported in aorta. [12] This effect further supports anti-lipid peroxidation potential of diosgenin on liver in uremia related oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in an indirect way, which is consistent with lipid peroxidation parameter results.…”

“…In this analysis, the N-H stretching of proteins was changed signifi cantly during renal failure, this indicates that the intra molecular hydrogen bonding in proteins of liver tissue may be disturbed. [14] This effect might be due to the oxidative stress generated during uremic condition as previously reported. [3] This effect was protected by diosgenin treated group indicates its antioxidant potential against oxidative stress generated during renal failure.…”

“…The spectral wave numbers were assigned from previous studies. [14,22] Frequency shifts of macromolecules were illustrated in Table 2. The bands in 3,393 cm −1 region arise from N-H and O-H stretching modes of proteins, and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.…”

“…A previous study reports that protective role of borneol, a natural terpene on liver metabolism in a nitric oxide defi cient model of hypertension through interpretation of FTIR spectral information and results demonstrate that FTIR can successfully indicate the molecular changes that occur in liver during oxidative stress. [14] In this study, activity of enzymatic antioxidants, level of lipid peroxidation products, and macromolecular structure related alterations in liver of CRF rats treated with diosgenin were assessed.…”

Plasma biomarkers of pulmonary hypertension identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis

“…22 The main goal of this study was to find a specific plasma fingerprint in PAH induced by monocrotaline injection in rats by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Only Saravankumar and co-workers presented FTIR monitoring of biochemical changes caused by systemic hypertension and its treatment in samples of homogenized liver tissue.…”