Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-obesity Properties of Agardhiella subulata in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

The overweight and obese population has skyrocketed, resulting in a high incidence of metabolic disorders. Agardhiella subulata (AS) contains a variety of beneficial components, such as sulfur-containing polysaccharides (dietary fiber) and astaxanthin, which is considered to have anti-obesity potential. In this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary AS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. AS supplementation significantly reduced HFD-induced weight gain (19%) and the visceral adiposity index (4.1%). In addition, the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein was significantly decreased; adiponectin was significantly increased in serum and fecal triglyceride excretion was significantly higher in mice fed AS compared with mice on an HFD. Preadipocyte factor 1 and Sry-box transcription factor 9 that were significantly higher than the levels found for the HFD group lead to reduced adipogenesis. Moreover, accompanying the lipolysis and fatty acid βoxidation that occur in the AS group, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was lowered to 0.4 ± 0.1 mEq/L. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and phosphorylation acetyl-CoA carboxylase increased 1.5-and 1-fold, thus increasing the expression of adiponectin and the activation of AMPK and ultimately resulting in lower blood glucose levels. The results of this study suggest that AS supplementation increases lipid excretion and improves energy metabolism to prevent obesity in mice fed a HFD.

Dietary Methionine Restriction Promotes Fat Browning and Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in High-Choline-Fed Mice Associated with the Improvement of Thyroid Function

“…The other section was stored at −80 °C till used for the measurement of biochemical indexes, enzyme activity, and gene expression. Organ/fat tissue index (%) = [(organ or fat tissue weight)/body weight] × 100%. , …”

“…Organ/fat tissue index (%) = [(organ or fat tissue weight)/body weight] × 100%. 56,57 Histological Analysis of Liver and Thyroid Tissues. H&E staining of liver, thyroid, BAT, and peritesticular fat tissue: the fixed liver, thyroid, BAT, and peritesticular fat tissue sections were dehydrated through gradient ethanol and dewaxed with xylene, then embedded in paraffin and sliced (about 5 μm thickness).…”

Ethanolic extract of root from Arctium lappa L ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating the AMPK / ACC / CPT ‐1 pathway

“…These key enzymes and rate-limiting enzymes in the lipid metabolism process are importantly related to the regulation of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (von Loeffelholz, Coldewey, & Birkenfeld, 2021). AMPK is a key protein in the body to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, especially the activity of AMPK in the liver is related to energy storage, fatty acid synthesis and decomposition, and cholesterol output (Hsiao et al, 2021). This indicates that the cascade of AMPK participation and activation is the key to regulating lipid metabolism disorders.…”

Astaxanthin From Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Mice by Gut-Liver Axis Modulating Properties

“…Recently, according to an epidemiological survey on nutrition and health, the prevalence of obesity has gradually become appeared in younger individuals ( 6 ). In modern society, a suboptimal diet and little exercise are among the leading causes of poor health, also increasing triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation, and lipid peroxidation ( 7 , 8 ). For example, systemic oxidative stress, a key factor in pathological obesity, can be induced by a high-calorie diet through various mechanisms ( 9 , 10 ).…”