Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease

Radaghdam, Saeed; Karamad, Vahidreza; Nourazarian, Alireza; Shademan, Behrouz; Khaki‐Khatibi, Fatemeh; Nikanfar, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136221

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our findings in this longitudinal analysis suggest that compensation of the memory network in the presence of Aβ and white matter disruption is sex dependent. Differences observed in memory network alterations may relate to different aging trajectories of steroid hormones between males and females, particularly estradiol 36 . Mounting evidence in animal research supports the role of estradiol in structural and synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus 37–41 and the prefrontal cortex 42–46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences observed in memory network alterations may relate to different aging trajectories of steroid hormones between males and females, particularly estradiol. 36 Mounting evidence in animal research supports the role of estradiol in structural and synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus [37][38][39][40][41] and the prefrontal cortex. [42][43][44][45][46] Moreover, extensive human neuroimaging studies further implicate estrogen in the regulation of memory circuitry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex‐dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity are linked to cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging

Schweitzer,

Li,

Thurston

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONCompared to males, females have an accelerated trajectory of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neurobiological factors underlying the more rapid cognitive decline in AD in females remain unclear. This study explored how sex‐dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity over 2 years are associated with cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging.METHODSThirty‐three females and 21 males 65 to 93 years of age with no cognitive impairment performed a face‐name associative memory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task with a 2‐year follow‐up. We acquired baseline carbon 11‐labeled Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR) MRI to quantify amyloid β (Aβ) burden and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, respectively.RESULTSMales had increased hippocampal‐prefrontal connectivity over 2 years, associated with greater Aβ burden. Females had increased bilateral hippocampal functional connectivity, associated with greater WMH volume.DISCUSSIONThese findings suggest sex‐dependent compensatory mechanisms in the memory network in the presence of cerebrovascular and AD pathologies and may explain the accelerated trajectory of cognitive decline in females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity are linked to cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging

Schweitzer,

Li,

Thurston

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…An important element in the pathogenesis of AD is oxidative damage. The function and structure of the brain is profoundly affected by cytokines and steroid hormones, including estrogen, testosterone and glucocorticoids [ 9 ]. Some factors, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunctions, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, changes in amyloid-beta peptide metabolism, apolipoprotein E, herpes viruses, insulin resistance, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the endocannabinoid system seem to be related to pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.…”

Section: Biochemical Diagnosis Of Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease—Biochemical and Psychological Background for Diagnosis and Treatment

Beata¹,

Jelski

Kornhuber

et al. 2023

IJMS

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There is a paucity of empirical research on the use of non-pharmacological interventions to both treat and curb the spread of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across the globe. This paper examines the biochemical and clinical outlook and the social implications of the condition in relation to psychological aspects that may indicate a direction for further interventions. There is a scarcity of research on the effectiveness of using various psychological aspects of AD, a disease characterized by a process of transition from health and independence to a dependent state with a progressive loss of memory and functional skills. The paper investigates the biochemical and psychological aspects of AD and their significance for improving quality of life for patients with this disease. Psychological interventions based on, among other factors, biochemical studies, are conducted to improve the emotional wellbeing of AD patients and may assist in slowing down the progression of the disease. To date, however, no effective methods of AD treatment have been established.

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“…Research indicates that reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone in women may elevate the susceptibility to AD, whereas a decline in testosterone production as men age may also heighten the risk of AD ( Appiah et al, 2024 ). Additionally, the extension of menopause and the resulting prolonged exposure to female sex hormones lead to a postponement of cognitive decline in women ( Radaghdam et al, 2021 ). Targeting steroid hormones as a means to mitigate the severity of AD holds potential benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the potential neuroprotective benefits of taurine and Dihydrotestosterone and Hydroxyprogesterone levels in SH-SY5Y cells

Almohaimeed,

Almars,

Alsulaimani

et al. 2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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BackgroundTaurine, an amino acid abundantly found in the brain and other tissues, has potential neuroprotective properties. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a commonly occurring type of dementia, which becomes more prevalent as people age. This experiment aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of taurine on SH-SY5Y cells by examining its impact on Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Dihydroprogesterone (DHP), as well as the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-181.MethodsThe effects of various taurine concentrations (0.25, and 0.75 mg/mL), and LPS (0.1, and 12 mg/mL) on the SH-SY5Y cell line were assessed using the MTT assay. The levels of DHT and DHP were quantified using an ELISA kit. Additionally, the expression levels of miRNA-181 and miRNA-21 genes were examined through Real-Time PCR analysis.ResultsThe results of the MTT assay showed that treatment with taurine at concentrations of 0.25, and 0.75 mg/mL reduces the toxicity of LPS in SH-SY5Y cells. ELISA results indicated that taurine at a concentration of 0.25, and 0.75 mg/mL significantly elevated DHT and DHP hormones in the SH-SY5Y cell line compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01). The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased under the influence of LPS in SH-SY5Y cells after taurine treatment (p < 0.01). Gene expression analysis revealed that increasing taurine concentration resulted in heightened expression of miRNA-181 and miRNA-21, with the most significant increase observed at a concentration of 0.75 mg/mL (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study findings revealed that the expression of miRNA-181 and miRNA-21 can be enhanced by taurine. Consequently, exploring the targeting of taurine, miRNA-181, and miRNA-21 or considering hormone therapy may offer potential therapeutic approaches for treating AD or alleviating severe symptoms. Nonetheless, in order to fully comprehend the precise mechanisms involved, additional research is required.

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Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 69 publications

Sex‐dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity are linked to cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging

Sex‐dependent alterations in hippocampal connectivity are linked to cerebrovascular and amyloid pathologies in normal aging

Alzheimer’s Disease—Biochemical and Psychological Background for Diagnosis and Treatment

Investigating the potential neuroprotective benefits of taurine and Dihydrotestosterone and Hydroxyprogesterone levels in SH-SY5Y cells

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