Molecular Mechanisms of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease in Chronic Hepatitis B and Liver Cirrhosis

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is based on the traditional diagnose method to distinguish the TCM syndrome, not the disease. So there is a phenomenon in the relationship between TCM syndrome and disease, called Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases and Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. In this study, we demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon using the microarray samples of liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome (LGDHS) and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The results showed that the difference between CHB and LC was gene expression level and the difference between LGDHS and LDSDS was gene coexpression in the G-protein-coupled receptor protein-signaling pathway. Therein genes GPER, PTHR1, GPR173, and SSTR1 were coexpressed in LDSDS, but not in LGDHS. Either CHB or LC was divided into the alternative LGDHS and LDSDS by the gene correlation, which reveals the molecular feature of Different TCM Syndrome for Same Disease. The alternatives LGDHS and LDSDS were divided into either CHB or LC by the gene expression level, which reveals the molecular feature of Same TCM Syndrome for Different Diseases.

Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Healthcare: Evidence‐Based Theoretical Interpretations of Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method and Target of Vascularity

“…SRs and meta-analyses of BHD should be undertaken according to the PRISMA statement [35] and encourage the prospective registration of SRs. Second, same TCM syndrome for different diseases has its molecular bases [36]. BHD in treatment of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome share the common pathogenesis of vascular diseases.…”

Clinical Applications of Omics Technologies on ZHENG Differentiation Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine

“…Using metabolomics, Qi-Yin deficiency was differentiated in type 2 diabetes patients [59], Cold and Heat ZHENGs were differentiated in rheumatoid arthritis patients [68], and so on. Moreover, transcriptomics and proteomics were also used to study diagnosis and stratification of ZHENG [34–36]. …”

“…According to the study of Guo et al, the gene expression was detected including two kinds of ZHENGs, liver-gallbladder dampness-heat ZHENG and liver-depression and spleen deficiency ZHENG, and two kinds of diseases, CHB and HBC. And it revealed the molecular feature of same TCM ZHENG for different disease and different TCM ZHENGs for same disease [34]. In the chronic stomach disease research, Yang et al have observed that the metabolic levels of energy and substance are obviously reduced in spleen deficiency ZHENG, including lipid, protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and trace element, which may be an important pathogenesis mechanism for its occurrence [53].…”

Microarray expression profile analysis of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pulmonary tuberculosis with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes

“…With more than 3000 years of clinical practice, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a fully institutionalized medical system in China [9] and has been used to treat TB for at least 500 years [10]. TCM enables individualized health care [11, 12].…”