Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Function

Redfern, Christopher P.F.

doi:10.1016/s1569-2590(08)60052-x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Retinoic acid is a major biologically active derivative of retinol (vitamin A) and plays a key role during embryonal development and the balance of the normal cellular function (Morris- Kay, 1997;Redfern, 1997). At the protein level, retinoic acid (9-cis-retinoic acid) binds to the retinoid X receptor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid response in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula

Wiens

Batel

Korzhev

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY To date no nuclear receptors have been identified or cloned from the phylogenetically oldest metazoan phylum, the Porifera (sponges). We show that retinoic acid causes tissue regression in intact individuals of the demosponge Suberites domuncula and in primmorphs, special three-dimensional cell aggregates. Primmorphs were cultivated on a galectin/poly-L-lysine matrix in order to induce canal formation. In the presence of 1 or 50 μmol l–1 retinoic acid these canals undergo regression, a process that is reversible. We also cloned the cDNA from S. domunculaencoding the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which displays the two motifs of nuclear hormone receptors, the ligand-binding and the DNA-binding domains, and performed phylogenetic analyses of this receptor. RXR expression undergoes strong upregulation in response to treatment with retinoic acid, whereas the expression of the sponge caspase is not increased. The gene encoding the LIM homeodomain protein was found to be strongly upregulated in response to retinoic acid treatment. These data indicate that the RXR and its ligand retinoic acid play a role in the control of morphogenetic events in sponges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid response in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula

Wiens

Batel

Korzhev

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Retinoic acid (RA) is one of the main biologically active derivatives of retinol (vitamin A) and has important roles during embryonic development and in the maintenance of normal cellular function [Morriss‐Kay, 1997; Redfern, 1997]. The physiological effects of RA are mediated, at least in part, via two classes of nuclear receptors: RA receptors (RARs: RARα, ‐β, ‐γ), whose ligands include the stereoisomers all‐ trans and 9‐ cis RA (9C), and retinoid X receptors (RXRs: RXRα, ‐β, ‐γ), which bind 9C [Mangelsdorf and Evans, 1992].…”

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confidence: 99%

Retinoid X receptors and retinoid response in neuroblastoma cells

Rana

Veal

Pearson

et al. 2002

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Retinoic acid (RA) modulates differentiation and apoptosis of neural cells via RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Neuroblastoma cells are potentially useful models for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of RA in neural cells, and responses to different isomers of RA have been interpreted in terms of differential homo- and heterodimerization of RXRs. The aim of this study was to identify the RXR types expressed in neuroblast and substrate-adherent neuroblastoma cells, and to study the participation of these RXRs in RAR heterodimers. RXRbeta was the predominant RXR type in N-type SH SY 5Y cells and S-type SH EP cells. Gel shift and supershift assays demonstrated that RARbeta and RARgamma predominantly heterodimerize with RXRbeta. In SH SY 5Y cells, RARgamma/RXRbeta was the predominant heterodimer binding to the DR5 RARE in the absence of 9-cis RA (9C), whereas the balance shifted in favor of RARbeta/RXRbeta in the presence of ligand. There was a marked difference between the N- and S-type neuroblastoma cells in retinoid receptor-DNA interactions, and this may underlie the differential effects of retinoids in these neuroblastoma cell types. There was no evidence to indicate that 9C functions via RXR homodimers in either SH SY 5Y or SH EP neuroblastoma cells. The results of this study suggest that interactions between retinoid receptors and other nuclear proteins may be critical determinants of retinoid responses in neural cells.

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“…3), suggesting that the tissue distribution of RXR in T. clavigera is extensive. This may indicate that RXR has multiple physiological functions or roles in various tissues of the rock shell, similar to vertebrates, where retinoic acids (RAs) play key roles in embryo patterning and organogenesis (Morris-Kay 1997; Redfern 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a polyclonal antibody against the retinoid X receptor of the rock shell Thais clavigera and its application to rock shell tissues for imposex research

et al. 2009

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In the chain of study to further elucidate the role of retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the development of imposex caused by organotin compounds in gastropod mollusks, we established a polyclonal antibody against RXR of the rock shell Thais clavigera. Immunoblotting demonstrated that this antibody could recognize T. clavigera RXR. In males and imposex-exhibiting females, immunohistochemical staining with the antibody revealed nuclear localization of RXR protein in the epithelial and smooth muscle cells of the vas deferens and in the interstitial and epidermal cells of the penis. These results suggest that the polyclonal antibody against T. clavigera RXR can specifically recognize RXR protein in tissues of T. clavigera and therefore is useful for evaluating RXR protein localization. Furthermore, RXR may be involved in the induction of male-type genitalia (penis and vas deferens) in normal male and organotin-exposed female rock shells.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Retinoid Function

Cited by 12 publications

References 254 publications

Retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid response in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula

Retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid response in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula

Retinoid X receptors and retinoid response in neuroblastoma cells

Establishment of a polyclonal antibody against the retinoid X receptor of the rock shell Thais clavigera and its application to rock shell tissues for imposex research

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