Molecular Mechanisms of Inner Ear Development and Disease

Abstract

The inner ear constitutes a complex organ responsible for auditory perception and equilibrium. It comprises diverse cellular entities operating collaboratively to perceive and transmit sensory information to the brain. Inner ear disease is a sophisticated and multifactorial scenario substantially impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Gaining insights into the developmental process of the inner ear is crucial for diagnosing and treating inner ear diseases, which can lead to hearing loss and impaired balance. Recent research in inner ear development and associated pathophysiology has focused on several pivotal domains, including identifying new genes and signaling pathways involved in inner ear development, using stem cells for inner ear regeneration, and developing novel therapies for inner ear diseases. Recent advances in genetics research have shed new light on the fundamental etiologies of inner ear diseases, with a growing body of evidence suggesting that genetic mutations might exert a pivotal influence on the development and progression of this condition. In this review, we have delved into certain common genetic mutations linked to inner ear disorders. We also discussed ongoing research endeavors and future directions for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying this condition and potential therapeutic avenues.