Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan

Guan, Yuntian; Yan, Zhen

doi:10.3390/cells11050872

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 316 publications

(327 reference statements)

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“…Both endurance and resistance training reduce myostatin levels. Moreover, the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and downstream protein synthesis are particularly stimulated by resistance training such as weight training, whereas the muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) and Atrogin-1 are decreased [ 95 ]. It was demonstrated that patients with long COVID-19 present metabolic alterations such as impairment of fatty acid β-oxidation and increased lactate release during exercise, possibly associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions [ 96 ].…”

Section: Why Physical Activity Could Modulate the Molecular Phenotype...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy

Scurati

Papini

Giussani

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Long coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the designation given to a novel syndrome that develops within a few months after infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and that is presenting with increasing incidence because of the numerous cases of infection. Long COVID-19 is characterized by a sequela of clinical symptoms that concern different organs and tissues, from nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems to skeletal muscle and cardiovascular apparatus. The main common molecular cause for all long COVID-19 facets appears to be related to immune dysregulations, the persistence of inflammatory status, epigenetic modifications, and alterations of neurotrophin release. The prevention and management of long COVID-19 are still inappropriate because many aspects need further clarification. Exercise is known to exert a deep action on molecular dysfunctions elicited by long COVID-19 depending on training intensity, duration, and continuity. Evidence suggests that it could improve the quality of life of long COVID-19 patients. This review explores the main clinical features and the known molecular mechanisms underlying long COVID-19 in the perspective of considering exercise as a co-medication in long COVID-19 management.

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Section: Why Physical Activity Could Modulate the Molecular Phenotype...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy

Scurati

Papini

Giussani

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Likewise, relative muscle mass ( 31 – 33 ) and strength ( 34 – 36 ) are parameters with high predictive power for overall morbidity and mortality. Clearly, the biology underlying maximal endurance and resistance exercise performance confers advantages beyond the athletic arena ( 9 , 37 ), and while differences in physiological capacity between elite athletes and sedentary individuals highlight the huge disparity in performance capacity, they also provide insights into the roles of various organ systems and the potential limits to human performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Furrer

Hawley

Handschin

2023

Physiological Reviews

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Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, muscle function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels of endurance and strength, to elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding of the signal integration, interpretation and output coordination of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern muscle plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods and their application to elite athletes largely rely on a "trial and error" approach with the experience and practices of successful coaches and athletes often providing the bases for "post hoc" scientific enquiry and research. This review provides a synopsis of the morphological and functional changes along with the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise adaptation to endurance- and resistance-based training. These traits are placed in the context of innate genetic and inter-individual differences in exercise capacity and performance, with special considerations given to the ageing athletes. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle plasticity in response to different modes of exercise, and how such adaptations translate from "molecules to medals".

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“…It is widely accepted that physical activity can promote health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases, and there is a strong inverse relationship between physical fitness and mortality in humans [ 1 , 2 ]. However, if the exercise intensity and exercise time exceed a certain limit, the beneficial effect of exercise may be lost, and generate a large amount of ROS through the electron transport chain, which will lead to the oxidation-reduction instability of the body [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium ions improve vasomotor function in exhausted rats

Wang

Li²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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To observe the effect of magnesium ion on vascular function in rats after long-term exhaustive exercise. Forty male SD rats were divided into two groups, the control group (CON group, n = 20) and the exhaustive exercise group (EEE group, n = 20). Exhausted rats performed 1W adaptive swimming exercise (6 times/W, 15min/time), and then followed by 3W formal exhaustive exercise intervention. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the morphological changes of rat thoracic aorta. The contents of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) in serum of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) in serum of rats were determined by biochemical kit. Vascular ring test detects vascular function. Compared with the CON group, the smooth muscle layer of the EEE group became thicker, the cell arrangement was disordered, and the integrity of endothelial cells was destroyed; the serum Mg2+ in EEE group was decreased; the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA and ROS in EEE group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P are all less than 0.05); the serum NO content in EEE group was significantly decreased, and the ratio of NO/ET-1 was significantly decreased. In the exhaustion group, the vasoconstriction response to KCl was increased, and the relaxation response to Ach was weakened, while 4.8mM Mg2+ could significantly improve this phenomenon (P are all less than 0.01). The damage of vascular morphology and function in rats after exhaustion exercise may be related to the significant increase of serum IL-1β, TNF-α, ROS, MDA and ET-1/NO ratio in rats after exhaustion exercise, while Mg2+ can significantly improve the vasomotor function of rats after exhaustion exercise.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan

Cited by 15 publications

References 316 publications

The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy

The Challenge of Long COVID-19 Management: From Disease Molecular Hallmarks to the Proposal of Exercise as Therapy

The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Magnesium ions improve vasomotor function in exhausted rats

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