Molecular mechanisms of environmental exposures and human disease

Wu, Haotian; Eckhardt, C.; Baccarelli, Andrea

doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00569-3

Cited by 77 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…It is likely that the mechanisms parallel those established in the broader air pollution literature, namely: oxidative stress and inflammation, impaired nervous system function, vascular dysfunction, direct damage when particulates and chemicals enter the bloodstream, and epigenetic alterations, among others. 33,70,99,100…”

Section: Summary Of Health Impacts Of Wildfire Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of wildfires

Gould

Heft-Neal

Prunicki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We review current knowledge on the trends and drivers of global wildfire activity, advances in the measurement of wildfire smoke exposure, and evidence on the health effects of this exposure. We discuss methodological issues in estimating the causal effects of wildfire smoke exposures on health. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of wildfire smoke exposure on all-cause mortality and respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity. We conclude by highlighting high priority areas for future research, including leveraging recently-developed spatially and temporally resolved wildfire specific ambient air pollution data to improve estimates of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure.

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Section: Summary Of Health Impacts Of Wildfire Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of wildfires

Gould

Heft-Neal

Prunicki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Environmental stressors, such as exposure to pollutants, toxins, and extreme temperatures, can alter miRNA expression profiles in various tissues and organs, leading to gene expression and cellular function changes (Wu et al, 2023). Some studies have shown that exposure to heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, can alter miRNA expression profiles in animals' livers, kidneys, and brains, leading to cellular stress response and toxicity changes (Aalami et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Mirnas In Environmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for heat stress in livestock

Safdar¹,

Özaslan

2023

ZBS

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Heat stress is a major concern for livestock production, as it can result in reduced animal welfare, decreased production efficiency, and even mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a critical role in regulating gene expression and have been proposed as potential biomarkers for heat stress in livestock. Several studies have investigated the expression of miRNAs in response to heat stress in various livestock species, including cattle, pigs, and chickens. These studies have identified specific miRNAs differentially expressed in response to heat stress, suggesting they could serve as biomarkers for this condition. For example, in cattle, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-27a, miR-30a-5p, and miR-126 have been shown to be upregulated in response to heat stress, while miR-122, miR-127, miR-148a, miR-195, and miR-335 were downregulated. In pigs, were downregulated in response to heat stress. In chickens, were upregulated, while miR-let-7f and miR-181a were downregulated. In conclusion, miRNAs have shown promise as potential biomarkers for heat stress. In addition, it is necessary to validate these findings and explore their potential use in developing diagnostic tools for monitoring heat stress in livestock.

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“…Of note, bisulfite treatment is unable to differentiate between DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation and alternative technologies are required (Tost, 2022). Other DNA methylation marks such as adenine methylation and methylation of RNAs (epitranscriptomics) are currently intensively investigated for their gene regulatory potential, but also for their ability to be modified by environmental exposures and their capacity to memorize these exposures (Wu et al, 2023).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Do not be scared of the genome's 5th base—Explaining phenotypic variability and evolutionary dynamics through DNA methylation analysis

Tost

2023

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Epigenetic processes have taken center stage for the investigation of many biological processes, and epigenetic modifications have shown to influence phenotype, morphology and behavioural traits such as stress resistance by affecting gene regulation and expression without altering the underlying genomic sequence. The multiple molecular layers of epigenetics synergistically construct the cell type‐specific gene regulatory networks, characterized by a high degree of plasticity and redundancy to create cell‐type‐specific morphology and function. DNA methylation occurring on the 5′ carbon of cytosines in different genomic sequence contexts is the most studied epigenetic modification. DNA methylation has been shown to provide a molecular record of the exposure to a large variety of environmental factors, which might be persistent through the entire lifetime of an organism and even be passed onto the offspring. Animals might display altered phenotypes mediated by epigenetic modifications depending on the developmental stage or the environmental conditions as well as during evolution. Therefore, the analysis of DNA methylation patterns might allow deciphering previous exposures, explaining ecologically relevant phenotypic diversity and predicting evolutionary trajectories enabling accelerated adaption to changing environmental conditions. Despite the explanatory potential of DNA methylation integrating genetic and environmental factors to shape phenotypic variation and contribute significantly to evolutionary dynamics, studies of DNA methylation are still scarce in the field of ecology. This might be at least partly due to the complexity of DNA methylation analysis and the interpretation of the acquired data. In the current issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Laine and colleagues (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2022) provide a detailed summary of guidelines and valuable recommendations for researchers in the field of ecology to avoid common pitfalls and perform interpretable genome‐wide DNA methylation analyses.

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Molecular mechanisms of environmental exposures and human disease

Cited by 77 publications

References 209 publications

Health effects of wildfires

Health effects of wildfires

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for heat stress in livestock

Do not be scared of the genome's 5th base—Explaining phenotypic variability and evolutionary dynamics through DNA methylation analysis

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