Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity

Green, Cara L; Lamming, Dudley W.; Fontana, Luigi

doi:10.1038/s41580-021-00411-4

Cited by 299 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 302 publications

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“…A case for caloric restriction and fasting Among the existing dietary anti-aging interventions, the sustained reduction in caloric intake without malnutrition (calorie restriction, CR) is probably the most robust and best studied form of geroprotective dietary intervention in model organisms (Fontana, 2009;Green et al, 2021). In fact, Clive McCay and colleagues noted already nearly nine decades ago that CR could prolong the lifespan of rats (McCay et al, 1935).…”

Section: Dietary Interventions For Healthy Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application

et al. 2021

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Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life-and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CRmimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: Dietary Interventions For Healthy Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application

et al. 2021

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“…Regardless, there is a prejudice that plant-based protein sources are not of the same quality as animal sources. Several new review studies explain that restricting the intake certain amino acids (i.e., methionine, tryptophan and leucine) and overall protein intake, which was once considered a limitation of a vegan diet, is recognized as beneficial, as it generally decreases ageing-related comorbidities and thereby increases health and life-span [200,201]. Furthermore, there is also a prejudice that plant-based protein sources do not enable maximum muscle synthesis as animal-based proteins do and that this can only be achieved through protein supplementation; however, these arguments are not supported by the facts.…”

Section: Energy and Protein Intake Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing a Well-Designed Vegan Diet for Slovenes

Jakše

2021

Nutrients

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Interest in vegan diets has increased globally as well as in Slovenia. The quantity of new scientific data requires a thorough synthesis of new findings and considerations about the current reserved position of the vegan diet in Slovenia. There is frequently confusion about the benefits of vegetarian diets that are often uncritically passed on to vegan diets and vice versa. This narrative review aims to serve as a framework for a well-designed vegan diet. We present advice on how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with the vegan diet and lifestyle. We highlight the proper terminology, present the health effects of a vegan diet and emphasize the nutrients of concern. In addition, we provide guidance for implementing a well-designed vegan diet in daily life. We conducted a PubMed search, up to November 2021, for studies on key nutrients (proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), calcium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium) in vegan diets. Given the limited amount of scientific evidence, we focus primarily on the general adult population. A well-designed vegan diet that includes a wide variety of plant foods and supplementation of vitamin B12, vitamin D in the winter months and potentially EPA/DHA is safe and nutritionally adequate. It has the potential to maintain and/or to improve health. For physically active adult populations, athletes or individuals with fast-paced lifestyles, there is room for further appropriate supplementation of a conventional vegan diet according to individuals’ health status, needs and goals without compromising their health. A healthy vegan lifestyle, as included in government guidelines for a healthy lifestyle, includes regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, restriction of alcohol and appropriate sleep hygiene.

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“…A wide variety of dietary regimens, such as dietary protein restriction (PR), calorie restriction (CR), fasting, time-restricted feeding, and more, are under investigation for their roles in health span and lifespan extension. It is hypothesized that these variations of dietary restriction (DR) enhance longevity and metabolic health through molecular adaptations of nutrient-sensing pathways including, but not limited to, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), AKT, FOXO, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +), and AMP-activated protein kinase (reviewed in [2]).…”

Section: Nutritional Interventions To Slow Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CR has been demonstrated to delay the impacts of aging and extend lifespan across a variety of species, from simple yeast to complex multicellular organisms such as mice and non-human primates (NHP) [2]. Despite nearly a century of research, the exact mechanism yielding improved lifespan under CR is unclear.…”

Section: Calorie Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%