Molecular mechanisms of dendrite morphogenesis

Arikkath, Jyothi

doi:10.3389/fncel.2012.00061

Cited by 84 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Over the past several decades, studies have mostly focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the later stages of neuronal morphogenesis, including those mediating polarization [6][7][8][9], dendrite morphogenesis [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], synaptogenesis [17][18][19][20], and spinogenesis [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

et al. 2016

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A salient feature of neurons is their intrinsic ability to grow and extend neurites, even in the absence of external cues. Compared to the later stages of neuronal development, such as neuronal polarization and dendrite morphogenesis, the early steps of neuritogenesis remain relatively unexplored. Here we showed that redistribution of cortical actin into large aggregates preceded neuritogenesis and determined the site of neurite initiation. Enhancing actin polymerization by jasplakinolide treatment effectively blocked actin redistribution and neurite initiation, while treatment with the actin depolymerizing agents latrunculin A or cytochalasin D accelerated neurite formation. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role of actin dynamics and reorganization in neurite initiation. Further experiments showed that microtubule dynamics and protein synthesis are not required for neurite initiation, but are required for later neurite stabilization. The redistribution of actin during early neuronal development was also observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

et al. 2016

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“…Dendrite morphogenesis is a critical step to establish the receptor fields of neurons and to assembly functional neural circuits (Arikkath, 2012). Dendrites exhibit highly branched morphology, which suggests that dendrite development might require distinct molecular programs compared to its axonal counterpart (Jan and Jan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating dendritic branching comes from studies of the dendritic arborization neurons in Drosophila melanogaster (Corty et al, 2009; Jan and Jan, 2010). From studies in hippocampal and cortical neurons several classes of molecules that control dendritic arborization have been isolated (Arikkath, 2012). Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors including secreted proteins, cell surface receptors, cell adhesion molecules, signaling molecules, regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, and transcription factors are implicated in various aspects of dendrite development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcomeres Pattern Proprioceptive Sensory Dendritic Endings through UNC-52/Perlecan in C. elegans

et al. 2015

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Sensory dendrites innervate peripheral tissues through cell-cell interactions that are poorly understood. The proprioceptive neuron PVD in C. elegans extends regular terminal dendritic branches between muscle and hypodermis. We found that the PVD branch pattern was instructed by adhesion molecule SAX-7/L1CAM, which formed regularly spaced stripes on the hypodermal cell. The regularity of the SAX-7 pattern originated from the repeated and regularly spaced dense body of the sarcomeres in the muscle. The extracellular proteoglycan, UNC-52/Perlecan, links the dense body to the hemidesmosome on the hypodermal cells, which in turn instructed the SAX-7 stripes and PVD dendrites. Both UNC-52 and hemidesmosome components exhibited highly regular stripes that interdigitated with the SAX-7 stripe and PVD dendrites, reflecting the striking precision of subcellular patterning between muscle, hypodermis and dendrites. Hence, the muscular contractile apparatus provides the instructive cues to pattern proprioceptive dendrites.

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“…Sensory dendrite development is essential for the neuronal circuit assembly (Arikkath, 2012). Dendrite abnormalities have been implicated in several human neurological and neurodevelopmental diseases such as schizophrenia, Down's syndrome and autistic spectrum disorder (Jan and Jan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor tyrosine phosphatase CLR-1 acts in skin cells to promote sensory dendrite outgrowth

Liu

Wang

Shen

2016

Developmental Biology

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Sensory dendrite morphogenesis is directed by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The extracellular environment plays instructive roles in patterning dendrite growth and branching. However, the molecular mechanism is not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the proprioceptive neuron PVD forms highly branched sensory dendrites adjacent to the hypodermis. We report that receptor tyrosine phosphatase CLR-1 functions in the hypodermis to pattern the PVD dendritic branches. Mutations in clr-1 lead to loss of quaternary branches, reduced secondary branches and increased ectopic branches. CLR-1 is necessary for the dendrite extension but not for the initial filopodia formation. Its role is dependent on the intracellular phosphatase domain but not the extracellular adhesion domain, indicating that it functions through dephosphorylating downstream factors but not through direct adhesion with neurons. Genetic analysis reveals that clr-1 also functions in parallel with SAX-7/DMA-1 pathway to control PVD primary dendrite development. We provide evidence of a new environmental factor for PVD dendrite morphogenesis.

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Molecular mechanisms of dendrite morphogenesis

Cited by 84 publications

References 118 publications

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

Actin Aggregations Mark the Sites of Neurite Initiation

Sarcomeres Pattern Proprioceptive Sensory Dendritic Endings through UNC-52/Perlecan in C. elegans

Receptor tyrosine phosphatase CLR-1 acts in skin cells to promote sensory dendrite outgrowth

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