Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance

Hua, Yinan; Clark, Suzanne E.; Ren, Jun; Nair, Sreejayan

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.001

Cited by 190 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, it has also been documented that there exists compensatory increase in the intestinal absorptionof chromium in diabetes (Jeejeebhoy et al, 1977) and coupled with the use of dietary supplementation as was reported in this study (17.5%), could account for the higher plasma levels of chromium amongst the diabetics than that of the healthy subjects.Although it may be difficult to explicitlyexplain the basis of the findings of studies such as ours, the fact of the central role of chromium in enhancing insulin binding and signaling, modulation of insulin receptor number and overall enhances β-cell sensitivity is not in doubt (Hua et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However it is important to state that factors such as the analytical tools employed to assess blood levels of chromium, the influence of antidiabetic drugs to which the subjects were already on and the fact that these clinical studies were conducted in subjects with full-blown diabetes and not in pre-diabetic patients have been suggested as the basis for divergent findings in many studies (Hua, 2012). It is likely that chromium may be augmenting insulin actions in pre-diabetic patients (Hua, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that chromium may be augmenting insulin actions in pre-diabetic patients (Hua, 2012). An incidental findings in our study was that the apparently healthy subject group had a slightly higher mean BMI than the diabetic group (25.4 vs 24.9 kg/m 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma levels of Chromium and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and apparently healthy adults

Madueke¹

2016

J. Med. Med. Sci

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The study involved the evaluation ofplasma levels of Chromium and Magnesium in diabetic and apparently healthy individuals.This cross sectional study evaluated a total of eighty subjects comprising forty type 2 diabetic patients drawn fromthe University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, and forty apparently healthy individuals from the workforce within the hospital. Anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples collected from the subjects, who had consented to the study. The glucose indices of the diabetic subjects was estimated by calculating the average fasting plasma glucose in the preceding six months and the subjects grouped into three categories( A (3-7 mmol/dl); B (7-10 mmol/dl); and C (10-14mmol/dl). This glucose index was correlated to the plasma chromium and magnesium levels in the diabetic subjects. Statistical analysis was by IBM SPSS version 21.0. The results showed the mean serum Magnesium(mg/dl) to be 1.48 ± 0.24 in diabetic subjects and 1.96 ± 0.10 in healthy subjects and the mean serumChromium(µg/dl) to be 0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.018 in diabetic and healthy subjects respectively. A positive, though not statisticallysignificant, correlation was noted between the average blood sugar and the serum levels of Chromium and Magnesium in the diabetic subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma levels of Chromium and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and apparently healthy adults

Madueke¹

2016

J. Med. Med. Sci

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“…Use of trivalent chromium in type 2 diabetic patients (especially insulin resistant) has become more common because its mechanism of action for anti-hyperglycemic effect is well explained at molecular level [48,49] and it has been found successful in clinical trials [50]. In addition to alleviating insulin resistance, the potential effect of chromium in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation has been addressed [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

Fleck¹,

Rc²,

Jt³

et al. 2014

Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

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The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Crominex 3+ (a complex of trivalent chromium, Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) extract and purified Shilajit) in moderately arthritic dogs. Eleven client-owned moderately arthritic dogs in a randomized double-blinded study received placebo or Crominex 3+ twice daily for a period of 150 days. On a monthly basis, each dog was evaluated for arthritis associated pain (overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation and pain after physical exertion) and a full physical exam (body weight, body temperature and heart rate). At the same time intervals, dogs serum samples were examined for biomarkers of kidney (BUN and creatinine), liver (bilirubin, ALT and AST) and heart and skeletal muscle (CK) functions. Findings of this investigation revealed that dogs receiving Crominex 3+ (1000 µg chromium, 15 mg Amla extract and 15 mg purified Shilajit per day in two divided doses) exhibited a significant (P<0.05) reduction in arthritic pain noted as early as after 90 days with a maximum reduction after 150 days of treatment. Pain level remained the same or slightly increased in the dogs receiving placebo. No significant change occurred in physical parameters or serum biomarkers in dogs on placebo or Crominex 3+, which suggested that Crominex 3+ was well tolerated by arthritic dogs. In conclusion, Crominex 3+ significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated arthritic pain and improved quality of life without causing any untoward effects in moderately arthritic dogs. [3][4][5]. OA is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by chronic and progressive cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane, which eventually results in decreased stability, movement, loading, stiffness of joints, lameness and pain [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Introduction Anti-Arthritic EfficacyIn the early stages of OA, a progressive depletion of the cartilage proteoglycan leads to a net loss of matrix from the cartilage [16,17]. Breakdown and deterioration of the cartilage have been correlated with increased activities of certain enzymes including the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). The increased cartilage lesions in OA have also been correlated with the enhanced levels of 14,16]. These cascading events lead to increased friction and inflammation in the joints. To date, there are no serum, urinary or synovial biomarkers that are specific and validated for OA [18].Common signs and symptoms associated with OA in dogs include limping, immobility, stiffness of joints, crepitus, periarticular swelling, palpable effusion, pain upon manipulation of the joint and lameness [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The diagnosis of OA in canine patients is based upon history, physical exam and radiographic evidence. Finally, MRI findings reveal the changes of joint and cartilage degeneration consistent with OA [26][27][28][29][30].Canines with OA are treated with multipronged approaches, involving i...

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“…However, it should be noted that supplemental chromium did not affect rectal temperature after challenge with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in steers. In a succinct review by Hua et al (2012), the potential mechanisms driving chromium's effect on improving insulin resistance are explored, and it is noted that recent studies have found chromium to improve the actions of insulin and the insulin-signalling pathway while inhibiting downregulators of insulin signalling.…”

Section: Betainementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review

DiGiacomo¹,

Leury²,

Dunshea³

2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Environmental conditions influence animal production from an animal performance perspective and at the carcass level post-slaughter. High rigor temperature occurs when the animal is hyperthermic pre-slaughter, and this leads to tougher meat. Hyperthermia can result from increased environmental temperature, exercise, stress or a combination of these factors. Consumer satisfaction with beef meat is influenced by the visual and sensory traits of the product when raw and cooked, with beef consumers commonly selecting tenderness of the product as the most important quality trait. High rigor temperature leads to a reduction in carcass and eating quality. This review examines some possible metabolic causes of hyperthermia, with focus on the importance of adipose tissue metabolism and the roles of insulin and leptin. Potential strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature are offered, including the use of dietary supplements such as betaine and chromium, anti-diabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones, vitamin D, and magnesium (Mg) to provide stress relief.

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Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance

Cited by 190 publications

References 88 publications

Plasma levels of Chromium and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and apparently healthy adults

Plasma levels of Chromium and Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and apparently healthy adults

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

Potential nutritional strategies for the amelioration or prevention of high rigor temperature in cattle – a review

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