Molecular Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening

Cecelja, Marina; Chowienczyk, Phil

doi:10.1159/000446399

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The stiffening of the vessel has been associated with hemodynamic forces, the hormonal milieu, the intake of salt, and the individual's glycemic state etc. ( 22 ). It is assumed that statins exert their effects through cholesterol reduction ( 7 , 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xuezhikang reduced arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension: a preliminary study

Zheng

Xiao

et al. 2017

Braz J Med Biol Res

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This study aimed to test the effects of xuezhikang, a cholestin extract that contains statin-like components, on arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. One hundred hypertensive patients from the Chinese PLA General Hospital were randomly allocated to receive xuezhikang (1200 mg/day, orally) or placebo (same capsules containing only pharmaceutical excipients). Physical examination outcomes, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels, and arterial outcomes, including stiffness parameter (β), pressure-strain elasticity modulus (Ep), arterial compliance (AC), augmentation index (AI), and one-point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ) were obtained at baseline and after 6 months of the intervention. Xuezhikang significantly reduced β (8.4±3.1 vs 6.8±2.1, P=0.007), Ep (122.8±43.9 vs 100.7±33.2, P=0.009), PWVβ (6.7±1.2 vs 6.1±1.0, P=0.013), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.4±0.6 vs 2.9±0.5, P=0.001), hs-CRP [2.1 (0.4-10.0) vs 1.4 (0.3-4.1), P=0.020], and MMP-9 (17.2±2.4 vs 12.7±3.8, P <0.001) compared to baseline. The placebo had no effect on these parameters. The changes of PWVβ in the xuezhikang group was significantly associated with the changes of hs-CRP and MMP-9 (r=0.144, P=0.043; r=0.278, P=0.030, respectively) but not with lipid profile changes. Our research showed xuezhikang can improve the parameters of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients, and its effect was independent of lipid lowering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xuezhikang reduced arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension: a preliminary study

Zheng

Xiao

et al. 2017

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The collagen/elastin ratio determines the stiffness of the vascular wall. However, aging and other risk factors cause the arterial tissue to gradually lose its elasticity, primarily due to progressive degeneration of the extracellular matrix in the media layer, which leads to arterial stiffness [2,4,8].…”

Section: Arterial Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stiffening of the arterial wall leads to fundamental changes in central hemodynamics with the increased pulsatile strain on the microcirculation, leading to detrimental consequences for end organ function [5,6]. Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality [5,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism

et al. 2019

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Increased arterial stiffness is a degenerative vascular process, progressing with age that leads to a reduced capability of arteries to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. This progressive degeneration mainly affects the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries and causes loss of vascular elasticity. Recent studies point to significant interference of dietary polyphenols with mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and progression of arterial stiffness. This review summarizes data from epidemiological and interventional studies on the effect of polyphenols on vascular stiffness as an illustration of current research and addresses possible etiological factors targeted by polyphenols, including pathways of vascular functionality, oxidative status, inflammation, glycation, and autophagy. Effects can either be inflicted directly by the dietary polyphenols or indirectly by metabolites originated from the host or microbial metabolic processes. The composition of the gut microbiome, therefore, determines the resulting metabolome and, as a consequence, the observed activity. On the other hand, polyphenols also influence the intestinal microbial composition, and therefore the metabolites available for interaction with relevant targets. As such, targeting the gut microbiome is another potential treatment option for arterial stiffness.

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“…Generally, plaque is divided into three distinct components including the atheroma of yellowish, soft and flaky calcified material surrounded by the macrophages embedded cholesterol crystals, presenting the picture of an early phase of arteriosclerosis by stiffening the arteries [3]. Routinely, the use of traditional methods of detection of atherosclerotic disease like angiography and stress-testing are being followed in addition to anatomical detection and physiologic measurement for the past few decades.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive imaging vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis: Antiatherogenic properties of dietary flaxseed

Bhat¹,

Madhusudhan²

2017

Biomed Res Clin Prac

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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease complicated by progressively increasing atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial walls. The life-threatening syndrome adversely affects the arterial blood vessels in response to chronic inflammatory signaling of white blood cells in the walls of arteries to form multiple atheromatous plaques. To date, several methods of identification of high-risk atherosclerotic invasive and noninvasive plaque imaging modalities and biomarkers in high-risk patients is warranted. Intracoronary imaging strategies for confirmation of plaque existence and characteristics are detectable in humans. More recently, computed tomography (CT) or electron beam tomography (EBT) and gray-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging are used to visualize the external elastic lamina of the vessel wall to determine the vessel size, plaque components and morphology in comparison to angiography. Further, the beneficial effects of radiofrequency (RF) analysis of the ultrasonic signal (RF-IVUS) would be helpful to distinguish the nature of composition among fibrotic plaque and fibro-calcific plaque of thick-cap fibro-atheroma (TCFA) in vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis. Akin to pharmaceuticals, functional foods can also be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial effects dietary flaxseed on the regression of atherosclerotic plaques or the resolution of cholesterol-induced vascular contractile dysfunction has been well documented.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Xuezhikang reduced arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension: a preliminary study

Xuezhikang reduced arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension: a preliminary study

Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism

Noninvasive imaging vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis: Antiatherogenic properties of dietary flaxseed

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