Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation

Yu, Jae Hong; Kim, Min Seon

doi:10.4093/dmj.2012.36.6.391

Cited by 114 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Insulin may therefore have an anorectic action in addition to its hypoglycemic effect [9]. In addition, as an adiposity signal, insulin is believed to have a similar lipostatic role as leptin, although its central effects on food intake and energy homeostasis are less efficient [5,9,10,11,12]. In our girl, a reduction in circulating insulin levels was observed, with improved insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Hunger Hormone Profile Monitoring after Gastroplication in an Adolescent

et al. 2013

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Introduction: Gut and adipose tissue hormones play an important role in energy balance control, particularly through the regulation at either short- or long-term food intake after bariatric surgery. Case: A 15-year-old obese female (BMI 42.2) who was unresponsive to medical treatment underwent gastroplication. Hunger hormone levels (leptin, ghrelin and insulin), weight loss and eating behavior were monitored at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: Weight loss was obtained, progressively achieving a loss of 45.6 kg 1 year after surgery. A strong reduction in insulin concentration and insulin resistance was documented. At 3 months after the operation, a surprising leptin level drop was observed. During the following months a progressive increase in leptin levels and leptin/kg of fat mass were documented. Fasting ghrelin levels increased in the first 3 months, then fell over the next 6 months. Up to 6 months after gastroplication, we observed a less marked drop in plasma ghrelin after meal ingestion, while the values after 1 year showed a substantial fall in the postprandial period despite a further fasting ghrelin increased level. Early achievement of satiety was found. Conclusion: Hunger hormones level changes seem to be involved in weight loss and eating behavior after gastroplication in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Hunger Hormone Profile Monitoring after Gastroplication in an Adolescent

et al. 2013

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“…), appetite regulating hormones (CCK, GLP-1, PYY, nesfatin-1, ghrelin, etc. ), and nutrients are primarily transferred [35]. Therefore, the expression level of single or even double peptides such as nesfatin-1 or ghrelin in the hypothalamus may not fully reveal the complex network of hypothalamic appetite regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the taste buds of rats

et al. 2016

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“…The hypothalamus plays a significant role in the regulation of feeding and body weight maintenance [8,66,67] . It is subdivided into nuclei, and, among these, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) acts as the site of integration of a number of neural and blood-borne signals.…”

Section: Central Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional brain imaging and its application to uncover mechanisms driving food intake in humans

Lafortuna

Tabozzi

Rizzo

2014

JBGC

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The control of food intake involves complex and powerful neural mechanisms whose functioning has critical repercussions for alimentary behaviours and the regulation of energy balance. Recent research also from cognitive neurosciences indicates that homeostatic (repletion-driven) and hedonic (reward-driven) systems in the brain concur in achieving an integrated regulation of human alimentary activity.Modern societal changes, related to unrestricted availability of energy-dense palatable foods at low costs and widespread presence of compelling alimentary cues, are considered to contribute to a food consumption driven mainly by hedonic properties rather than energy requirements, and result among the causes of worldwide obesity epidemics.Functional neuroimaging permits the exploration of the human brain systems involved under the different conditions of alimentary relevance, through the quantitative evaluation of regional blood flow, metabolic activation of defined cerebral networks or molecular bioavailability of brain receptors specifically traced. Such a framework of different imaging techniques appears uniquely suited to investigate the functional integration of the neural processes which underpin the interplay between homeostatic drive for feeding and the conscious experience of pleasure and reward concurring to the control of food intake. Therefore, these techniques provide an invaluable tool in gaining a detailed comprehension of physiology underlying alimentary behaviours and their derangements, and in detecting new strategies against obesity which interact also on brain mechanisms involved in the control of food intake and energy balance.In the present short review, basic principles of the most used functional neuroimaging techniques will be examined and the commonest acquisition protocols and processing methods will be briefly presented, along with a short overview of the brain systems involved in food intake regulation and a concise report of the main findings obtained with these techniques.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation

Cited by 114 publications

References 60 publications

Hunger Hormone Profile Monitoring after Gastroplication in an Adolescent

Hunger Hormone Profile Monitoring after Gastroplication in an Adolescent

Expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the taste buds of rats

Functional brain imaging and its application to uncover mechanisms driving food intake in humans

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