Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of the flavonoid, tricin from Njavara rice (Oryza sativa L.) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Possible role in the inflammatory signaling

Shalini, V.; Bhaskar, Shobha; Kumar, Krishna B.; Mohanlal, Smitha; Jayalekshmy, A.; Helen, A.

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.005

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Flavonoids inhibit the pro-inflammatory activity of ROS-generating enzymes including cyclooxygense, lipoxygenase, and iNOS. In addition, flavonoids modulate different intracellular signaling pathways from NF-B to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) through perturbation of redox-sensible networks in immune cells (Gharagozloo et al, 2010;Shalini et al, 2012). NF-B regulates the expression of various genes involved in inflammatory response among which TNFa is the most important (Branes & Karin, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect ofMentha longifoliain lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: Reduction of nitric oxide production through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase

Karimian

Kavoosi

Amirghofran

2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Mentha longifolia is an aromatic plant used in flavoring and preserving foods and as an antiinflammatory folk medicine remedy. The present study assessed the effects of M. longifolia extracts, including essential oil and crude methanol extract and its fractions (ethyl acetate, butanol and hexane), on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774A.1 cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cytotoxic effects of the extracts on the cells were examined and noncytotoxic concentrations (50.2 mg/ml) were used to examine their effects on NO production and iNOS mRNA expression. Only the hexane fraction that contained high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds at concentrations from 0.05-0.20 mg/ml significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated cells (p50.001). Real-time PCR analysis indicated the ability of this fraction at the same concentrations to significantly decrease iNOS as well as TNFa mRNA expression in the cells (p50.001). All extracts were able to scavenge NO radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations greater than 0.2 mg/ml, total radicals were 100% scavenged. In conclusion, M. longifolia possibly reduces NO secretion in macrophages by scavenging NO and inhibiting iNOS mRNA expression, and also decreases TNFa pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, thus showing its usefulness in the inflammatory disease process. KeywordsInducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), macrophages, Mentha longifolia, nitric oxide (NO) History

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect ofMentha longifoliain lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: Reduction of nitric oxide production through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase

Karimian

Kavoosi

Amirghofran

2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Very recently, tricin was demonstrated to be a flavonoid monomer in monocot lignin, representing the first nonmonolignol monomer involved in lignification (Lan et al, 2015). In addition, tricin is widely recognized as a promising multifunctional nutraceutical because of its antioxidant (Duarte-Almeida et al, 2007), anticancer (Cai et al, 2007), anti-inflammatory (Shalini et al, 2012), and cardiovascular-protective (Chang et al, 2010) properties. The lipophilicity nature of methoxylated flavones is believed to enhance their access to target cells and tissues (Walle, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Completion of Tricin Biosynthesis Pathway in Rice: Cytochrome P450 75B4 Is a Unique Chrysoeriol 5′-Hydroxylase

2015

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Flavones are ubiquitously accumulated in land plants, but their biosynthesis in monocots remained largely elusive until recent years. Recently, we demonstrated that the rice (Oryza sativa) cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP93G1 and CYP93G2 channel flavanones en route to flavone O-linked conjugates and C-glycosides, respectively. In tricin, the 39,59-dimethoxyflavone nucleus is formed before O-linked conjugations. Previously, flavonoid 39,59-hydroxylases belonging to the CYP75A subfamily were believed to generate tricetin from apigenin for 39,59-O-methylation to form tricin. However, we report here that CYP75B4 a unique flavonoid B-ring hydroxylase indispensable for tricin formation in rice. A CYP75B4 knockout mutant is tricin deficient, with unusual accumulation of chrysoeriol (a 39-methoxylated flavone). CYP75B4 functions as a bona fide flavonoid 39-hydroxylase by restoring the accumulation of 39-hydroxylated flavonoids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transparent testa7 mutants and catalyzing in vitro 39-hydroxylation of different flavonoids. In addition, overexpression of both CYP75B4 and CYP93G1 (a flavone synthase II) in Arabidopsis resulted in tricin accumulation. Specific 59-hydroxylation of chrysoeriol to selgin by CYP75B4 was further demonstrated in vitro. The reaction steps leading to tricin biosynthesis are then reconstructed as naringenin → apigenin → luteolin → chrysoeriol → selgin → tricin. Hence, chrysoeriol, instead of tricetin, is an intermediate in tricin biosynthesis. CYP75B4 homologous sequences are highly conserved in Poaceae, and they are phylogenetically distinct from the canonical CYP75B flavonoid 39-hydroxylase sequences. Recruitment of chrysoeriol-specific 59-hydroxylase activity by an ancestral CYP75B sequence may represent a key event leading to the prevalence of tricin-derived metabolites in grasses and other monocots today.

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“…It has been well documented that Hypericum perforatum, a "modern" herbal antidepressant, exerts extensive anti-inflammatory activities including the inhibitory activity on TNF-α, IL-1β, and LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 (Huang et al, 2011;Hammer and Birt, 2014). Recently, there is significant attention focused on the antidepressant-like effect of flavonoids extracted from herb medicines (González-Cortazar et al, 2013;Huerta-Reyes et al, 2013;Lv et al, 2014;Roohbakhsh et al, 2014;Reis et al, 2014), and it is notable that anti-inflammatory effect is also one of the primary biological activities of flavonoids (Tuñón et al, 2009;Shalini et al, 2012). Therefore, we may speculate that the anti-inflammatory effect of these herbs is possibly related to their antidepressant-like effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the total flavonoid extract of Xiaobuxin-Tang on depression-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice

Liu

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of the flavonoid, tricin from Njavara rice (Oryza sativa L.) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Possible role in the inflammatory signaling

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

Anti-inflammatory effect ofMentha longifoliain lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: Reduction of nitric oxide production through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase

Anti-inflammatory effect ofMentha longifoliain lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: Reduction of nitric oxide production through inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase

Completion of Tricin Biosynthesis Pathway in Rice: Cytochrome P450 75B4 Is a Unique Chrysoeriol 5′-Hydroxylase

Effects of the total flavonoid extract of Xiaobuxin-Tang on depression-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice

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