Molecular mechanisms associated with the chemoprotective role of protocatechuic acid and its potential benefits in the amelioration of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review

Okpara, Edozie Samuel; Adedara, Isaac A.; Guo, Xiaohua; Klos, Matthew; Farombi, Ebenezer O.; Han, Shuxin

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.001

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…In a further study, where an oral dose of 50 mg/kg was administered to mice, PCA reached a plasma peak of 73.6 µM in just 5 min. This finding underlines the remarkable rapidity of PCA absorption, with a half-life of 2.9 min [51].…”

Section: Pca Absorption and Bioavailabilitysupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Cancer chemoprevention encompasses the use of natural, synthetic, biological or chemical substances for the purpose of inhibiting, blocking, suppressing or preventing the progression of cancer to an invasive tumor stage or complete metastasis. Accordingly, chemopreventive agents are categorized as "blocking agents" when their mechanism of action is to inhibit the initiation of tumorigenesis, and as 'suppressive agents' when their function is to neutralize tumor promotion or progression [51].…”

Section: Chemopreventive Capacity Of Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemopreventive properties of protocatechuic acid (PCA) encompass its antioxidant effects, ability to chelate metals (especially in the context of ferroptosis), its induction to cell death action (including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis), as well as its antiinflammatory properties and positive regulatory effects on p53 protein [51]. In addition to demonstrating anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic effects on different cell lines both in vivo and in vitro (Table 2), its ability to prevent, inhibit, or reverse tumor formation is highlighted by its interference with the three fundamental stages of chemically induced carcinogenesis [9,10].…”

Section: Chemopreventive Capacity Of Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review

Cadena-Iñiguez,

Santiago-Osorio,

Sánchez-Flores

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making the search for alternatives for its control a critical issue. In this context, exploring alternatives from natural sources, such as certain vegetables containing a variety of secondary metabolites with beneficial effects on the body and that play a crucial role in the fight against cancer, is essential. Among the compounds with the greatest efficacy in controlling this disease, those with antioxidant activity, particularly phenolic com-pounds, stand out. A remarkable example of this group is protocatechuic acid (PCA), which has been the subject of various revealing research on its activities in different areas. These studies sustain that protocatechuic acid has anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antiviral, antifibrogenic, antiallergic, neuroprotective, antibacterial, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, anti-aging, and analgesic properties, in addition to offering protection against metabolic syndrome and con-tributing to the preservation of hepatic, renal, and reproductive functionality. Therefore, this paper aims to review the biological activities of PCA, focusing on its anticancer potential and its in-volvement in the control of various molecular pathways involved in tumor development, sup-porting its option as a promising alternative for cancer treatment.

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Section: Pca Absorption and Bioavailabilitysupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Chemopreventive Capacity Of Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemopreventive Capacity Of Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review

Cadena-Iñiguez,

Santiago-Osorio,

Sánchez-Flores

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…PCA is also found in plums ( Prunus domestica ), gooseberries ( Ribes uva-crispa ), grapes ( Vitis vinifera ), almonds ( Prunus amygdalus ), olive oil, honey, soybean, star anise ( Illicium verum ), melissa ( Melissa officinalis ), medical rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ), and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum aromaticum ) [ 80 , 81 ]. It is a bioactive constituent of medicinal plants, such as Hibiscus sabdariffa , Ginkgo biloba , Hypericum perforatum , Cibotium barometz , Stenoloma chusanum , Ching, and Ilex chinensis Sims [ 80 , 82 ]. It is incompatible with potent oxidizing agents and has limited water solubility (1:50) but has fair solubility with alcohol and ether [ 82 ].…”

Section: Phenolic Acids Involved In the Regulation Of Molecular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a bioactive constituent of medicinal plants, such as Hibiscus sabdariffa , Ginkgo biloba , Hypericum perforatum , Cibotium barometz , Stenoloma chusanum , Ching, and Ilex chinensis Sims [ 80 , 82 ]. It is incompatible with potent oxidizing agents and has limited water solubility (1:50) but has fair solubility with alcohol and ether [ 82 ].…”

Section: Phenolic Acids Involved In the Regulation Of Molecular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Acids-Mediated Regulation of Molecular Targets in Ovarian Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Cancer is a global health concern with a dynamic rise in occurrence and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among different types of cancer, ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most diagnosed malignant tumor, while among the gynecological malignancies, it ranks third after cervical and uterine cancer and sadly bears the highest mortality and worst prognosis. First-line treatments have included a variety of cytotoxic and synthetic chemotherapeutic medicines, but they have not been particularly effective in extending OC patients’ lives and are associated with side effects, recurrence risk, and drug resistance. Hence, a shift from synthetic to phytochemical-based agents is gaining popularity, and researchers are looking into alternative, cost-effective, and safer chemotherapeutic strategies. Lately, studies on the effectiveness of phenolic acids in ovarian cancer have sparked the scientific community’s interest because of their high bioavailability, safety profile, lesser side effects, and cost-effectiveness. Yet this is a road less explored and critically analyzed and lacks the credibility of the novel findings. Phenolic acids are a significant class of phytochemicals usually considered in the nonflavonoid category. The current review focused on the anticancer potential of phenolic acids with a special emphasis on chemoprevention and treatment of OC. We tried to summarize results from experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies unraveling the benefits of various phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid) in chemoprevention and as anticancer agents of clinical significance.

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