Molecular Mechanism Pathways of Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and its incidence continues to increase each year. Yet, there is still no definitive drug that can stop its development. This review focuses mainly on lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal flora dysbiosis to understand NAFLD’s pathogenesis. In this review, we used NCBI’s PubMed database for retrieval, integrating in vivo and in vitro experiments to reveal the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on NAFLD. We also reviewed the mechanisms by which the results of these experiments suggest that these compounds can protect the liver from damage by modulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, decreasing insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in the liver, and interacting with the intestinal microflora. The natural compounds discussed in these papers target a variety of pathways, such as the AMPK pathway and the TGF-β pathway, and have significant therapeutic effects. This review aims to provide new possible therapeutic lead compounds and references for the development of novel medications and the clinical treatment of NAFLD. It offers fresh perspectives on the development of natural compounds in preventing and treating NAFLD.

Unraveling the Connection between Fatty Liver Severity with Gender, Lifestyle, and Health Risks among Workers

“…According to multiple reports, NAFLD is a disease that affects multiple systems and greatly raises the likelihood of inflammation outside the liver and chronic cardiometabolic disorders [1,6,19]. The above-mentioned diverse non-liver ailments encompassing heart disease, diabetes type 2, long-term kidney disease, and specific non-liver cancers [1,6,19].…”

“…A significant number of people worldwide are affected by fatty liver, a prevalent condition [1,2]. Worldwide, approximately one-third of adults suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [3].…”

“…Odds ratio of metabolic abnormality, inflammation, and liver dysfunction by fatty liver levels1 . Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; GPT, Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 3.…”

“…1 p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous data are presented in mean ± SD.…”

Dietary supplementation of magnolol alleviates fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in postpeak Xinhua laying hens via regulation of liver lipid metabolism

“…The process of de novo fatty acid synthesis begins with acetyl-CoA as the initial source, which then transforms into fatty acid acyl-CoA through the combined action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha ( ACC ), fatty acid synthase ( FASN ), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 ( SREBF1 ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( SCD ). Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ( GPAT ) facilitates the formation of triglycerides ( TG ) in conjunction with glycerol phosphate ( Alves-Bezerra and Cohen, 2018 ; Fang et al, 2023 ). Consequently, when the expression levels of these essential enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis are up-regulated, there is an increase in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which ultimately leads to fat deposition.…”