Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and skin protective effects of Syzygium formosum in human skin keratinocytes

Abstract

Irradiation injury, especially caused by UVB, of the skin is one of the critical reasons for skin inflammation and damage. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of Syzygium formosum leafy extract (SFLE) and its mechanism of action against UVB-induced damages of human keratinocytes. In this study, SFLE was prepared from 100 kg dried leaves using industrial-scale processes. We found that SFLE markedly reduced markers of the skin inflammation in UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Only 2 μg/mL of SFLE exhibited significantly stronger anti-inflammatory effects than the fivefold concentration of positive control. Intriguingly, an anti-inflammatory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 expression was significantly induced by SFLE treatment. MMP-3 and -9 were, but not MMP-1, significantly reduced. SFLE inhibited the expression of the MAPK pathway, resulting in a decrease on UVB-induced reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, SFLE can potentially be used to treat skin inflammatory diseases.

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Protective Effects of Codium fragile Extract on Macrophages and Human Keratinocytes in Atopic Dermatitis

“…In comparison to LPS alone, the mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 were dramatically downregulated with the addition of CFE, and the effects of CFE were the most noticeable at a dose of 100 μg/ml. Several studies suggest that the plant extract may inhibit cytokines involved in inflammation and can also be used as a skin inflammation treatment [ 34 - 36 ]. Therefore, these findings imply that CFE may suppress inflammation-regulated genes, providing a possible therapy for treating skin inflammation.…”