Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharides Extracted from Chinese Medicine Targeting Gut Microbiota for Promoting Health

Zhao, Wenxiao; Wang, Tong; Zhang, Yanan; Chen, Qian; Wang, Yuan; Xing, Yanqing; Zheng, Jun; Duan, Chenchen; Chen, Li-jun; Zhao, Haijun; Wang, Shijun

doi:10.1007/s11655-022-3522-y

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Furthermore, following gavage administration, FGUPS was concentrated in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This localization is likely due to two factors: absorption from the intestines into the bloodstream after oral administration, and metabolism and degradation by gut microbiota ( Zhang et al, 2022 ; Zhao et al, 2024 ). Studies have demonstrated that naturally active polysaccharides not only regulate the structure and abundance of intestinal microbiota, but are metabolized by it, generating metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that can enter the bloodstream and induce physiological effects ( Dorrestein et al, 2014 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo pharmacokinetics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides

Wubuli,

Chai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides (GUPS) are widely applied in biomedicine and functional food due to their multiple pharmacological activities and low toxicity. Despite their widespread use, the in vivo metabolic profile of GUPS remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed a quantitative analysis method that involves labeling GUPS with visible fluorescein (5-DTAF) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescein (Cy7), resulting in stable conjugates with substitution degrees of 0.81% for 5-DTAF and 0.39% for Cy7. The pharmacokinetic studies showed a biphasic elimination pattern in the blood concentration-time curve following both intravenous and oral administration, consistent with a two-compartment model. Using fluorescence quantification and NIR imaging, we observed that GUPS was distributed to various tissues, exhibiting higher concentrations particularly in liver, kidney and lung. Excretion studies indicated that feces were the major excretion pathway of GUPS after oral administration (60.98%), whereas urine was the main pathway after intravenous administration (31.16%). Notably, GUPS could be absorbed rapidly by gut (Tmax 1 ± 0.61 h) and showed a biological half-time t1/2 26.4 ± 7.72 h after oral administration. Furthermore, the Caco-2 cells uptake studies illustrated that macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis were participated in the transport of GUPS in intestine epithelium. This comprehensive analysis of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of GUPS not only enhances our understanding of its metabolic pathways but also establishes a foundational basis for its clinical application, optimizing its therapeutic potential and safety profile.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo pharmacokinetics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides

Wubuli,

Chai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has a significant effect on the treatment of NAFLD with fewer adverse reactions [ 137 ]. Polysaccharides, as a class of natural macromolecules widely present in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), have attracted much attention due to their rich activities and reliable biosafety [ 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ]. In recent years, it has been found that polysaccharides, especially from TCM, have the potential to prevent and treat NAFLD with diverse structures and mechanisms of action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on the Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharides on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through the Regulation of the Gut–Liver Axis

Chen

Liu

Tang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease affecting global public health at present, which can induce cirrhosis and liver cancer in serious cases. However, NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, and there is still a lack of research on its mechanism and therapeutic strategy. With the development of the gut–liver axis theory, the association between the gut–liver axis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD has been gradually disclosed. Polysaccharides, as a kind of natural product, have the advantages of low toxicity, multi-target and multi-pathway action. It has been reported that polysaccharides can affect the gut–liver axis at multiple interrelated levels, such as maintaining the ecological balance of gut microbiota (GM), regulating the metabolites of GM and improving the intestinal barrier function, which thereby plays a protective role in NAFLD. These studies have great scientific significance in understanding NAFLD based on the gut–liver axis and developing safe and effective medical treatments. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of polysaccharides in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the gut–liver axis.

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