Molecular Mechanism of Aniline Induced Spleen Toxicity and Neuron Toxicity in Experimental Rat Exposure: A Review

Abstract

Aniline exposure leads to neuron and spleen toxicity specifically and makes diverse neurological effects and sarcoma that is defined by splenomegaly, hyperplasia, and fibrosis and tumors formation at the end. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of aniline-induced spleen toxicity is not understood well, previous studies have represented that aniline exposure results in iron overload and initiation of oxidative/nitrosative disorder stress and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA subsequently, in the spleen.. Elevated expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and phosphorylation of pRB protein along with increases in A, B and CDK1 as a cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclins, and reduce in CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) could be critical in cell cycle regulation, which contributes to tumorigenic response after aniline exposure. Aniline-induced splenic toxicity is correlated to oxidative DNA damage and initiation of DNA glycosylases expression (OGG1, NEIL1/2, NTH1, APE1 and PNK) for removal of oxidative DNA lesions in rat. Oxidative stress causes transcriptional up-regulation of fibrogenic/inflammatory factors (cytokines, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) via induction of nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1 and redox-sensitive transcription factors, in aniline treated-rats. The upstream signalling events as phosphorylation of IκB kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) could potentially be the causes of activation of NF-κB and AP-1. All of these events could initiate a fibrogenic and/or tumorigenic response in the spleen. The spleen toxicity of aniline is studied more and the different mechanisms are suggested. This review summarizes those events following aniline exposure that induce spleen toxicity and neurotoxicity.

lncRNA MALAT1 participates in metformin inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cell

“…Cell cycle, consists of G1, S, G2 and M phase, is accurately controlled by cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) 22,23 . In response to mitogenic stimulation, cyclin‐CDK complexes regulate the entrance of cell cycle from resting phase, development through the G1 phase and progression from G1 into S phase 23,24 . Cyclin B1 is the major partner of CDK1, and cyclin B2 can also combine with CDK1 25 .…”

“…22,23 In response to mitogenic stimulation, cyclin-CDK complexes regulate the entrance of cell cycle from resting phase, development through the G1 phase and progression from G1 into S phase. 23,24 Cyclin B1 is the major partner of CDK1, and cyclin B2 can also combine with CDK1. 25 In the metformin-treated cells, increased G0/G1 phase and decreased S phase and G2/M phase were presented at a dose-dependent manner.…”

Separation of aniline from water and wastewater samples based on activated carbon nanoparticles and dispersive solid phase extraction procedure

“…Aniline create the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause to rise lipid hydroperoxide stages, damage of mitochondrial membrane, damage DNA and lead to variations in hepatocyte feasibility and apoptosis [7]. Also, the acute exposure aniline has toxic reaction in the spleen or liver and cause to splenomegaly, hyperplasia, fibrosis, and cancers with chronic exposure [8]. The toxicity and carcinogenicity of aniline was reported by NIOSH and OSHA [9][10][11].…”

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Composite for Photocatalytic Detection of Prevalent Pollutant

“…For this, we hypothesized that 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) known for its role in “green chemistry” synthesis could be integrated into a MOF porous crystal material constructed by linking metal node (metal ions or clusters of Al) through bond coordination . The endowed diversity of MOFs geometry, topology, and functionality, in addition to their larger surface area, tunable pore structure and ease of tailoring through their organic moiety was here envisioned to ensure feasibility of the designed platform to be integrated and thus extension of the known applications in gas storage, catalysis, membrane separation, , energy generations and storage, and biomedicine/pharmaceuticals synthesis, respectively. − These proposed efforts come in the context of previous research that showed that even though various materials including noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, conductive polymers, and carbon materials show potential for electrochemical detection of p -NP, are limited in their practical implementation by intrinsic drawbacks, such as induced secondary pollution when used as reductive reagents, , complicated preparation procedures, or toxic byproducts release at their utilization . Our proposed strategy provides a simple, low-cost, and effective method for sensorial platform formation, all under room temperature synthesis and operation conditions, and without any reductive reagent integration.…”