Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of liver metastasis from gastric cancer

Li, Difeng; Zhang, Xin; Jiang, Lili

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1000807

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In the gastric cancer liver metastasis, KCs have been suggested to undergo a transition between M1 polarization, characterized by adherence, tumor cell phagocytosis, and induction of cell apoptosis, and M2 polarization, characterized by secretion of IL-6, HGF, VEGF, and MMP-9. This transition allows KCs to exert bidirectional effects on tumor cells through different mechanisms [ 98 ]. In an orthotopic murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, a study investigating KCs depletion revealed the dualistic nature of KCs in influencing tumor growth.…”

Section: Liver Tissue Resident Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

Cao,

Wang,

Lan

et al. 2024

Exp Hematol Oncol

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As integral components of the immune microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) represent a self-renewing and long-lived cell population that plays crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, promoting tissue remodeling after damage, defending against inflammation and even orchestrating cancer progression. However, the exact functions and roles of TRMs in cancer are not yet well understood. TRMs exhibit either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic effects by engaging in phagocytosis and secreting diverse cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to modulate the adaptive immune system. The life-span, turnover kinetics and monocyte replenishment of TRMs vary among different organs, adding to the complexity and controversial findings in TRMs studies. Considering the complexity of tissue associated macrophage origin, macrophages targeting strategy of each ontogeny should be carefully evaluated. Consequently, acquiring a comprehensive understanding of TRMs' origin, function, homeostasis, characteristics, and their roles in cancer for each specific organ holds significant research value. In this review, we aim to provide an outline of homeostasis and characteristics of resident macrophages in the lung, liver, brain, skin and intestinal, as well as their roles in modulating primary and metastatic cancer, which may inform and serve the future design of targeted therapies.

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Section: Liver Tissue Resident Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

Cao,

Wang,

Lan

et al. 2024

Exp Hematol Oncol

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“…12,70 Small extracellular vesicles derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells directly target hepatocytes, trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and form a fibrotic microenvironment. 13 16,71 KCs employ multiple mechanisms to mediate cytotoxicity to tumor cells. As a member of the mononuclear macrophage system, KCs play an important role in the immune defense of the liver by removing foreign substances from circulation through phagocytosis.…”

Section: Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It exists in the sinusoidal cavity and is the first step in the defense against circulating cancer cells. KCs can switch between M1 and M2 polarity types, exerting bidirectional effects on tumor cells through various mechanisms 16,71 …”

Section: Nonparenchymal Cells Of the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cells in the liver microenvironment regulate the process of liver metastasis

Wang,

Jie,

Yao

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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The research of liver metastasis is a developing field. The ability of tumor cells to invade the liver depends on the complicated interactions between metastatic cells and local subpopulations in the liver (including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and immune‐related cells). These interactions are mainly mediated by intercellular adhesion and the release of cytokines. Cell populations in the liver microenvironment can play a dual role in the progression of liver metastasis through different mechanisms. At the same time, we can see the participation of liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in the process of liver metastasis of different tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the relationship between cellular components of liver microenvironment and metastasis and emphasize the importance of different cells in the occurrence or potential regression of liver metastasis.

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“…Despite this, the liver is an immune organ, and liver metastases not only stop the liver from responding to immunotherapy, but they also weaken the immune system as a whole, which means that systemic immunotherapy doesn’t work very well[ 9 ]. Backward studies[ 10 - 13 ] have shown that having liver metastases in people with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma can lower the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and OS rates of immunotherapy patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the impact of immunotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastasis

Liu,

Wu,

Liang

et al. 2024

World J Gastrointest Surg

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BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and has the fourth highest death rate among all cancers. There is a lack of studies examining the impact of liver metastases on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in individuals diagnosed with GC. AIM To investigate the influence of liver metastases on the effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy in patients with advanced GC. METHODS This retrospective investigation collected clinical data of patients with advanced stomach cancer who had immunotherapy at our hospital from February 2021 to January 2023. The baseline attributes were compared using either the Chi-square test or the Fisher exact probability method. The chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were employed to assess the therapeutic efficacy and survival duration in GC patients with and without liver metastases. RESULTS The analysis comprised 48 patients diagnosed with advanced GC, who were categorized into two groups: A liver metastasis cohort (n = 20) and a non-liver metastatic cohort (n = 28). Patients with liver metastasis exhibited a more deteriorated physical condition compared to those without liver metastasis. The objective response rates in the cohort with metastasis and the cohort without metastasis were 15.0% and 35.7% (P > 0.05), respectively. Similarly, the disease control rates in these two cohorts were 65.0% and 82.1% (P > 0.05), respectively. The median progression-free survival was 5.0 months in one group and 11.2 months in the other group, with a hazard ratio of 0.40 and a significance level (P ) less than 0.05. The median overall survival was 12.0 months in one group and 19.0 months in the other group, with a significance level (P ) greater than 0.05. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy is less effective in GC patients with liver metastases compared to those without liver metastasis.

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Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of liver metastasis from gastric cancer

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

Cells in the liver microenvironment regulate the process of liver metastasis

Analysis of the impact of immunotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastasis

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