Molecular Mass‐Dependent Resorption and Bone Regeneration of 3D Printed PPF Scaffolds in a Critical‐Sized Rat Cranial Defect Model

Nettleton, Karissa; Luong, Derek; Kleinfehn, Alex; Savariau, Laura; Premanandan, Christopher; Becker, Matthew L.

doi:10.1002/adhm.201900646

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For 3D printing, PPF is generally mixed with a photoinitiator and a viscosity modification solvent, such as DEF, to form a resin for vat photopolymerization approaches. ,, Printability and mechanical properties of the scaffold ultimately depend on the viscosity, PPF/DEF ratio, molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of the PPF oligomers, and resin temperature. − The printing speed and, as a result, the scaffold fabrication efficiency can be significantly improved by using four-arm PPF stars instead of linear PPF . In general, PPF offers tunable chemical and mechanical properties and has been used in a number of preclinical applications, including bone defect repair …”

Section: Biodegradable Polymers: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers

et al. 2021

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Degradable polymers are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Maturing capabilities in additive manufacturing coupled with advances in orthogonal chemical functionalization methodologies have enabled a rapid evolution of defect-specific form factors and strategies for designing and creating bioactive scaffolds. However, these defect-specific scaffolds, especially when utilizing degradable polymers as the base material, present processing challenges that are distinct and unique from other classes of materials. The goal of this review is to provide a guide for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds that includes the complete pathway starting from selecting materials, choosing the correct fabrication method, and considering the requirements for tissue specific applications of the scaffold.

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Section: Biodegradable Polymers: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…Bone bridging occurred across the entire defect above the dura mater, and the histology also supported this observation. With the increase of implantation time, some parts of the p MC scaffolds were replaced by nascent bone tissue with the biodegradation process in vivo , indicating that the degradation rate relatively matched with the rate of inducing nascent bone regeneration and was in a reasonable range [ 46 ]. There was no case that bone formation was not timely due to excessive degradation, or bone tissue was difficult to grow due to excessive degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biphasic mineralized collagen-based composite scaffold for cranial bone regeneration in developing sheep

Zheng

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2022

Regenerative Biomaterials

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Appropriate mechanical support and excellent osteogenic capability are two essential prerequisites of customized implants for regenerating large-sized cranial bone defect. Although porous bone scaffolds have been widely proven to promote bone regeneration, their weak mechanical properties limit the clinical applications in cranioplasty. Herein, we applied two previously developed mineralized collagen-based bone scaffolds (MC), porous MC (pMC) and compact MC (cMC) to construct a biphasic MC composite bone scaffold (bMC) to repair the large-sized cranial bone defect in developing sheep. A supporting frame composed of cMC phase in the shape of tic-tac-toe structure was fabricated first and then embedded in pMC phase. The two phases had good interfacial bond, attributing to the formation of an interfacial zone. The in vivo performance of the bMC scaffold was evaluated by using a cranial bone defect model in one-month-old sheep. The CT imaging, X-ray scanning and histological evaluation showed that the pMC phase in the bMC scaffold, similar to the pMC scaffold, was gradually replaced by the regenerative bone tissues with comprehensively increased bone mineral density and complete connection of bone bridge in the whole region. The cMC frame promoted new bone formation beneath the frame without obvious degradation, thus providing appropriate mechanical protection and ensuring the structural integrity of the implant. In general, the sheep with bMC implantation exhibited the best status of survival, growth and the repair effect. The biphasic structural design may be a prospective strategy for developing new generation of cranioplasty materials to regenerate cranial bone defect in clinic.

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“…Among them, PPF showed excellent mechanical properties and was biodegradable, non-toxic with adjustable characteristics, and has been used in many preclinical applications, including repair of bone defects. Nettleton et al 52 printed PPF scaffolds using SLA technology, implanted the scaffolds into the calvarial defects of critical size in rats, and evaluated the bone regeneration. A significant increase in bone growth was observed at 4 weeks post-operation, and bone continued to grow at 12 weeks without inducing a long-term inflammatory response.…”

Section: Stereolithography Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Micro- and Nanoscale Bone Substitutes: A Review on Technical and Translational Perspectives

Cheng

et al. 2021

IJN

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Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offer immense potential in fabricating scaffolds and implants for various biomedical applications, especially for bone repair and regeneration. As the availability of autologous bone sources and commercial products is limited and surgical methods do not help in complete regeneration, it is necessary to develop alternative approaches for repairing large segmental bone defects. The 3D printing technology can effectively integrate different types of living cells within a 3D construct made up of conventional micro- or nanoscale biomaterials to create an artificial bone graft capable of regenerating the damaged tissues. This article reviews the developments and applications of 3D printing in bone tissue engineering and highlights the numerous conventional biomaterials and nanomaterials that have been used in the production of 3D-printed scaffolds. A comprehensive overview of the 3D printing methods such as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and ink-jet 3D printing, and their technical and clinical applications in bone repair and regeneration has been provided. The review is expected to be useful for readers to gain an insight into the state-of-the-art of 3D printing of bone substitutes and their translational perspectives.

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Molecular Mass‐Dependent Resorption and Bone Regeneration of 3D Printed PPF Scaffolds in a Critical‐Sized Rat Cranial Defect Model

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers

Fabrication of Biomedical Scaffolds Using Biodegradable Polymers

Biphasic mineralized collagen-based composite scaffold for cranial bone regeneration in developing sheep

3D Printing of Micro- and Nanoscale Bone Substitutes: A Review on Technical and Translational Perspectives

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