Molecular markers used in forensic genetics

Kowalczyk, Marek; Zawadzka, Ewelina; Szewczuk, Dariusz; Gryzińska, Magdalena; Jakubczak, Andrzej

doi:10.1177/0025802418803852

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…An increasing number of biological markers have been applied in the two areas. Conventional human genetic markers include short tandem repeats (STRs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, or deletions (InDels) (Kowalczyk et al, 2018), and the other human cellular biomarkers included RNA (Manetti et al, 2021), methylation (Watanabe et al, 2021), etc. As criminals' anti-detection capabilities have increased, the human cell may be present at low or undetectable levels, thereby limiting the usefulness of methods based on the human cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Salivary and Buccal Mucosal Microbiota by 16S rRNA Sequencing for Forensic Investigations

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The human microbiome has emerged as a new potential biomarker for forensic investigations with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis during the last decade. The oral cavity has many different microbial habitats, with each habit colonized by specific and individualized microbiota. As saliva and buccal mucosa are common biological evidence in forensic science, understanding the differences of microbial communities between the two is important for forensic original identification. Moreover, the oral microbiota is individualized, whereas there are few studies on the application of forensic personal identification that need to be supplemented. In this study, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus, with an average relative abundance of 49.61% in the buccal mucosa, while in the saliva, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Neisseria had similar proportions (20%, 15%, 16%) and were the dominant genera. The α and β diversity displayed a significant distinctness between the saliva and buccal mucosal groups. The community assembly mechanism stated that the deterministic process played a more significant effect in shaping the salivary bacterial community assembly than buccal mucosa, which explained the microbial differences. Of the test samples, 93.3% can be correctly classified with the random forest model based on the microbial differences. Targeting the low-abundance bacteria at the species level, 52% of experimental participants could be discriminated by using the observed unique bacterial species. In conclusion, the salivary bacterial community composition differed from that of the buccal mucosa and showed high richness and diversity. With the random forest model, the microbiota of saliva and buccal mucosa can be classified, which can be used in identifying the source of oral biological trace. Furthermore, each individual has a unique bacterial community pattern, and the presence or absence of unique bacteria and differences in the composition of the core oral microbiota are the key points for forensic personal discrimination that supplement the study of oral microbial application to forensic personal discrimination. Whether for original identification or personal discrimination, the oral microbiome has great potential for application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of the Salivary and Buccal Mucosal Microbiota by 16S rRNA Sequencing for Forensic Investigations

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…However, SNPs panels have much lower discriminatory power than STR markers. Therefore, SNPs are a supplement for STR markers rather than a replacement [15]. It is comparative overview of SSR and SNP panels for studies of parentage and livestock animal populations of mammals, fishes and birds, the scholars pointed out that the SSR molecular marker has advantages of lower the development cost, lower running cost, lower quality of DNA required, lower quantity of DNA required, and lower technical expertise [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism

Lai¹,

Chang²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: A set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism from Tsaiya duck were used for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of Brown and White Tsaiya duck populations in Taiwan.Methods: The synthetic short tandem repeated probes were used to isolate new microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of Tsaiya ducks. Eight populations, a total of 566 samples, sourced from Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute were genotyped through novel and known markers. The population genetic variables were calculated using optional programs in order to describe and monitor the genetic variability and the genetic structures of these Tsaiya duck populations.Results: In total 24 primer pairs, including 17 novel microsatellite loci from this study and seven previously known loci, were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in duck populations. The average values for the allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.29, 5.370, 0.591, 0.746, and 0.708, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting Brown Tsaiya duck cluster and a spreading White Tsaiya duck cluster. The Brown Tsaiya ducks and the White Tsaiya ducks with Pekin ducks were just split to six clusters and three clusters when K was set equal to 6 and 3 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The individual phylogenetic tree revealed eight taxa, and each individual was assigned to its own population.Conclusion: According to our study, the 24 novel microsatellite markers exhibited a high capacity to analyze relationships of inter- and intra-population in those populations with a relatively limited degree of genetic diversity. We suggest that duck farms in Taiwan could use the new (novel) microsatellite set to monitor the genetic characteristics and structures of their Tsaiya duck populations at various intervals in order to ensure quality breeding and conservation strategies.

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“…Markery genetyczne i epigenetyczne stosowane w narzędziach do FDP to polimorfizmy pojedynczego nukleotydu (ang. single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), haplotypy mitochondrialne, markery chromosomu Y, wymienione już krótkie powtórzenia tandemowe STR [12] i markery CpG 1 (wyspy CpG ang. CpG sites), których poziomy metylacji są silnie skorelowane z wiekiem [13].…”

Section: Wynikiunclassified

Przewidywanie cech wyglądu człowieka na podstawie markerów DNA do celów medyczno-sądowych i kryminalistycznych

Kaczmarek

Zysek

2022

Postepy Biochem

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Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat markerów genetycznych umożliwiających przewidywanie cech fenotypowych człowieka na podstawie próbki DNA wyekstrahowanego z materiału biologicznego pobranego z miejsca zdarzenia w zastosowaniu do celów kryminalistycznych i w naukach sądowych. Taka próbka DNA określana jest jako „biologiczny świadek”, a samą procedurę nazywa się kryminalistycznym fenotypowaniem DNA (FDP). Analityczną część pracy stanowi systematyczny przegląd literatury z lat 2015-2021 dokonany według metodologii PRISMA, przeprowadzony w marcu 2021 roku za pomocą multiwyszukiwarki EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) dostępnej w bibliotece Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Omówiono podstawy molekularne FDP, markery DNA stosowane do przewidywania płci, wieku, pochodzenia biogeograficznego oraz cech fizycznych takich jak: kolor skóry, oczu, włosów, morfologia włosa, morfologia twarzy, obecność piegów, wysokość ciała, masa ciała (otyłość), łysienie typu męskiego i krótkowzroczność. W dyskusji zwrócono uwagę na trudności metodyczne wynikające z poligenicznego modelu dziedziczenia badanych cech, problemy społeczno-etyczne towarzyszące kryminalistycznemu fenotypowaniu DNA oraz nakreślono perspektywy rozwoju tych badań. Słowa kluczowe: genetyka sądowa, DNA, polimorfizm, cechy wyglądu zewnętrznego

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Molecular markers used in forensic genetics

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Comparative Evaluation of the Salivary and Buccal Mucosal Microbiota by 16S rRNA Sequencing for Forensic Investigations

Comparative Evaluation of the Salivary and Buccal Mucosal Microbiota by 16S rRNA Sequencing for Forensic Investigations

Monitoring of genetically close Tsaiya duck populations using novel microsatellite markers with high polymorphism

Przewidywanie cech wyglądu człowieka na podstawie markerów DNA do celów medyczno-sądowych i kryminalistycznych

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