Molecular Markers in Urinary Bladder Cancer: Applications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy

Abstract

Cancer of the urinary bladder is a neoplasm with considerable importance in veterinary medicine, given its high incidence in several domestic animal species and its life-threatening character. Bladder cancer in companion animals shows a complex and still poorly understood biopathology, and this lack of knowledge has limited therapeutic progress over the years. Even so, important advances concerning the identification of tumour markers with clinical applications at the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic levels have recently been made, for example, the identification of pathological BRAF mutations. Those advances are now facilitating the introduction of targeted therapies. The present review will address such advances, focusing on small animal oncology and providing the reader with an update on this field. When appropriate, comparisons will be drawn with bladder cancer in human patients, as well as with experimental models of the disease.

Phagocytic and chemiluminescent activity of blood neutrophils in patients with bladder cancer

“…Российский онкологический журнал Том 26 (2) 2021 Рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) остаётся серьёзной социально-медицинской проблемой. Ежегодно в мире регистрируется около 550 тыс.…”

“…Ежегодно в мире регистрируется около 550 тыс. новых случаев РМП, при этом у 10% пациентов на момент установки диагноза диагностируется метастатическое поражение [1,2]. В России ежегодно регистрируется 20 тыс.…”

Effective detection of BRAFV595E mutation in canine urothelial and prostate carcinomas using immunohistochemistry

“…In contrast, in dogs, PCR, either quantitative (qPCR) or digital (dPCR), is currently the only well-established method to detect the BRAF V595E mutation. 20,27 Both PCR techniques are highly specific, however, dPCR outperforms qPCR due to its higher sensitivity. 28 PCR can be performed using liquid or tissue biopsies, including urine, cytologic smears or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material.…”

Untargeted urinary metabolomics for bladder cancer biomarker screening with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry

“…Compared to serum and tissue, urine metabolomics may be affected by dilution factor, but urine is more available than tissue or serum, and the procedure non-invasive. Recently, many detailed articles have been published on potential urinary markers of BC, demonstrating signi cant interest in this eld 14,15 . Unfortunately, none of the biomarkers invented and tested so far guarantee 100% detection of cancer at an early stage.…”