Molecular markers for tracking the origin and worldwide distribution of invasive strains of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i>

Wälter, Stephanie; Ali, Sajid; Kemen, Eric; Nazari, K.; Bahri, Bochra Amina; Enjalbert, Jérôme; Hansen, J. G.; Brown, J. K. M.; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Jones, Jonathan D. G.; Vallavieille‐Pope, C. de; Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer

doi:10.1002/ece3.2069

Cited by 85 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A subset of 373 isolates representing epidemics causing races from different geographical regions (Table S2) were microsatellite genotyped (Walter et al, 2016), while a subset of 273 isolates were genotyped with SCAR marker (Hovmøller et al, 2008; Walter et al, 2016). Each lineage, consisting of one or more closely related multi-locus genotypes (“strains”) of a particular race (virulence phenotype), was named Pst followed by a forthcoming digit.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages

et al. 2017

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We investigated whether the recent worldwide epidemics of wheat yellow rust were driven by races of few clonal lineage(s) or populations of divergent races. Race phenotyping of 887 genetically diverse Puccinia striiformis isolates sampled in 35 countries during 2009–2015 revealed that these epidemics were often driven by races from few but highly divergent genetic lineages. PstS1 was predominant in North America; PstS2 in West Asia and North Africa; and both PstS1 and PstS2 in East Africa. PstS4 was prevalent in Northern Europe on triticale; PstS5 and PstS9 were prevalent in Central Asia; whereas PstS6 was prevalent in epidemics in East Africa. PstS7, PstS8 and PstS10 represented three genetic lineages prevalent in Europe. Races from other lineages were in low frequencies. Virulence to Yr9 and Yr27 was common in epidemics in Africa and Asia, while virulence to Yr17 and Yr32 were prevalent in Europe, corresponding to widely deployed resistance genes. The highest diversity was observed in South Asian populations, where frequent recombination has been reported, and no particular race was predominant in this area. The results are discussed in light of the role of invasions in shaping pathogen population across geographical regions. The results emphasized the lack of predictability of emergence of new races with high epidemic potential, which stresses the need for additional investments in population biology and surveillance activities of pathogens on global food crops, and assessments of disease vulnerability of host varieties prior to their deployment at larger scales.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages

et al. 2017

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“…However, few studies addressed the effect of host‐climate factors on infection components at the population level and only included one or a few isolates. So far, experiments estimating the latent period (time between inoculation and the first appearance of spores) and spore production have determined that strains PstS1/PstS2 from East Africa (Walter et al ., ) are more aggressive than the pre‐2000 US Pst isolates at 18 °C (Milus et al ., ). This thermal adaptation and unprecedented increase in aggressiveness in populations of pathogenic fungi can be driven by phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal generalist behaviour of invasive Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici strains under current and future climate conditions

et al. 2018

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Yellow rust is a devastating wheat disease. Since 2000, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici strains PstS1 and PstS2 have become adapted to high temperatures and have spread worldwide. By 2011, Warrior strains had invaded both warm and cold areas of Europe. This study questioned whether thermal aptitude promoted the spread of Warrior strains, similar to PstS1/PstS2, by comparing infection efficiency (IE) at five temperatures and latent period (LP) under warm and cold regimes for Warrior isolates and pre‐2011 reference strains on two susceptible wheat varieties. The Warrior isolates showed a range of IE and LP responses to temperature that was intermediate between the northern reference isolates adapted to cold conditions and both the southern and invasive PstS2 isolates adapted to warm conditions. Warrior isolates had the highest IE under optimal temperatures of 10 and 15 °C, and displayed reduced infectivity under the warmest (20 °C) and coldest (5 °C) temperatures. Warrior strains acted as thermal generalists and the reference isolates acted as specialists. An IE thermal response was used to simulate the development of each isolate under future climate scenarios in a temperate and Mediterranean region. Isolates had the same ranking for yearly IE over the three 30‐year periods (1971–2000, 2021–2050, 2071–2100) and both locations, with a slight infection increase in the future. However, in the future IEs increased in earlier months. The thermal generalist profile of Warrior isolates for IE was confirmed, with an intermediate capacity to tolerate warming climate, whereas the southern isolates are better adapted to warm conditions, but do not have the virulences necessary to develop on current varieties.

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“…Field responses of wheat-alien introgression lines when exposed to the SE205/12 (Kranich) and TR34/11 (PstS2,+v27) isolates have not been previously postulated for the rest of the parental lines used in this study. Because of coevolution of Pst and its host and to the ongoing emergence of new pathogen races, many previously characterized stripe rust resistance genes have been rendered ineffective (Chen et al, 2010;Walter et al, 2016;Wellings, 2011). In addition to Yr2, we also postulated the presence of an additional unknown resistance gene or genes in these lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seedling and Adult Plant Stripe Rust Resistance in Diverse Wheat–Alien Introgression Lines

Rahmatov

Hovmøller

Nazari³

et al. 2017

Crop Science

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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., is an important foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The use of genetic diversity, particularly from wild relatives, has made a significant contribution to improving wheat productivity. To identify new sources of seedling and adult plant resistance, we evaluated 263 wheat–alien introgression derivatives from Secale cereale L., Leymus mollis (Trin.) Plig., Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzevlev, and Thinopyrum junceiforme (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Á. Löve. Three resistance genes, Yr1+, Yr2+, and Yr9+ were postulated to be present in 7, 19, and 12% of wheat–alien introgression lines, respectively. In addition, the results suggested the gene combinations of Yr1–Yr2 (1%), Yr1–Yr32 (2%), Yr2–Yr9 (5.4%), Yr1–Yr2–Yr32 (11%), and the additional unknown resistance gene(s) being present in these materials in the respective percentages. The molecular markers Xwmc364 for Yr2 (36%), Xscm9 and Xiag95 for Yr9 (17%), and Xwmc198 for Yr32 (13%) were used to validate the presence of these Yr genes. Ninety‐eight (37%) of the lines possess unknown resistance genes that could not be determined with the isolates used in this study and six (2.3%) of the lines showed seedling resistance to all isolates. The lines with the putative new resistance gene(s) will be crossed to the adapted genotypes to develop a mapping population for determining the underlying genetic basis of resistance. If these resistance genes are validated as being new, they will enhance the genetic diversity for stripe rust resistance in wheat.

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Molecular markers for tracking the origin and worldwide distribution of invasive strains of Puccinia striiformis

Cited by 85 publications

References 52 publications

Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages

Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages

Thermal generalist behaviour of invasive Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici strains under current and future climate conditions

Seedling and Adult Plant Stripe Rust Resistance in Diverse Wheat–Alien Introgression Lines

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