Molecular markers for plant species identification and phylogenetics

Aim. To analyze and summarize literature data on the state of classification and taxonomy of Iris genus plants of Iridaceae family.Results and discussion. The genus Iris L. is one of the largest species of Iridaceae Juss family, which includes 1,800 species of 80 genera. Despite the fact that plants are very common as ornamental plants, there is currently no single classification for both horticultural and wild species of Iris genus. Various classifications and systems of irises have been proposed, the main difference between them is related to the understanding of the genus scope. The taxonomy of Iris genus underwent dramatic changes in the last century, especially in recent decades after the introduction of molecular methods. This paper deals with the analysis of current literature data on the existing classifications of Iris genus plants, the correspondence between taxonomic studies and the results of recent molecular studies. The data presented summarize the traditional classifications according to Rodionenko and Matthew, and also describe modern achievements in phylogenetic studies of this genus using functional genomic studies, involving molecular markers in irises. Conclusions. The data analyzed and summarized in the article can be useful for solving issues of taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics and practical problems of selection of plants of Iris genus; in addition, they will contribute to a more appropriate use of the Iris raw material in practical pharmacy.

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Section: ■ результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Classifications of Iris L. genus at the biological and molecular levels as a basis for modern phylogenetic studies

Troitskyi¹,

Troitska²,

Buydin³

et al. 2021

J. Org. Pharm. Chem.

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“…In Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data, DNA sequences newly acquired as a result of horizontal gene transfer can be found. They can also be used as a tool to study phylogeny ( Matveeva et al., 2011 ). Thus, many dicotyledonous species have been found to harbor one or several Agrobacterium DNA fragments in their genomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of an Agrobacterium cT-DNA insert in Camellia section Thea reveals the ancient origin of tea plants from a genetically modified ancestor

et al. 2022

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IntroductionMany higher plants contain cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) sequences from Agrobacterium and have been called “natural genetically modified organisms” (nGMOs). Among these natural transformants, the tea plant Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuchazao contains a single 5.5 kb T-DNA fragment (CaTA) with three inactive T-DNA genes, with a 1 kb inverted repeat at the ends. Camellia plants are allogamous, so that each individual may contain two different CaTA alleles.Methods142 Camellia accessions, belonging to 10 of 11 species of the section Thea, were investigated for the presence of CaTA alleles.Results discussionAll accessions were found to contain the CaTA insert, showing that section Thea derives from a single transformed ancestor. Allele phasing showed that 82 accessions each contained two different CaTA alleles, 60 others had a unique allele. A phylogenetic tree of these 225 alleles showed two separate groups, A and B, further divided into subgroups. Indel distribution corresponded in most cases with these groups. The alleles of the different Camellia species were distributed over groups A and B, and different species showed very similar CaTA alleles. This indicates that the species boundaries for section Thea may not be precise and require revision. The nucleotide divergence of the indirect CaTA repeats indicates that the cT-DNA insertion took place about 15 Mio years ago, before the emergence of section Thea. The CaTA structure of a C. fangchengensis accession has an exceptional structure. We present a working model for the origin and evolution of nGMO plants derived from allogamous transformants.

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“…По данным ООН и других международных организаций, ежегодные потери урожая овощей всех сельскохозяйственных культур от болезней и вредителей составляют около 35% валовых сборов урожая. Инфекции сельскохозяйственных культур также влияют на доходность продукции за счет снижения качества [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Testing the effect of new biopesticides on soilborne pathogens of vegetable diseases using DNA markers

Pavlovskaya

Gagarina

Gavrilova

et al. 2020

Izvestiâ vuzov. Prikladnaâ himiâ i biotehnologiâ

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In protected ground, vegetables are exposed to various pests and pathogens of viral, bacterial or fungal diseases. Growing vegetables indoors requires the elimination of all chemical treatments and control over pathogens and pests. In this regard, the application of sensitive methods based on molecular markers in the diagnostics of pathogens is highly relevant. In this work, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the most common diseases of tomato (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria), cucumber (Ascochyta cucumis) and potato (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus) plants. It was established that early diagnosis of vegetable diseases using polymerase chain reaction allows rapid detection of trace amounts of pathogenic microorganisms thus facilitating selection of effective fungicidal preparations. The creation of biological protection for vegetable crops is relevant considering their nutritional importance. New biological methods for protecting vegetables in greenhouses were tested. Thus, the fungicidal effect of the authors’ patented preparation developed for pre-sowing treatment of vegetable seeds in protected ground on the pathogens of tomato black bacterial spot (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria) and cucumber stem hypertrophy (Ascochyta cucumis) was confirmed. Another preparation patented as a means of pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds demonstrated fungicidal action against the development of Phytophthora infectants on potato plants. It was observed that these preparations are effective at concentrations of 10-4 % for soaking seeds and double treatment of plants during the flowering period.

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Molecular markers for plant species identification and phylogenetics

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Classifications of Iris L. genus at the biological and molecular levels as a basis for modern phylogenetic studies

Classifications of Iris L. genus at the biological and molecular levels as a basis for modern phylogenetic studies

Conservation of an Agrobacterium cT-DNA insert in Camellia section Thea reveals the ancient origin of tea plants from a genetically modified ancestor

Testing the effect of new biopesticides on soilborne pathogens of vegetable diseases using DNA markers

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