Molecular markers and their applications in fisheries and aquaculture

Abstract

Genetic variation in a species enhances the capability of organism to adapt to changing environment and is necessary for survival of the species. Genetic variation arises between individuals leading to differentiation at the level of population, species and higher order taxonomic groups. The genetic diversity data has varied application in research on evolution, conservation and management of natural resources and genetic improvement programmes, etc. Development of Molecular genetic markers has powerful ability to detect genetic studies of individuals, populations or species. These molecular markers combined with new statistical developments have revolutionized the analytical power, necessary to explore the genetic diversity. Molecular markers and their statistical analysis revolutionized the analytical power, necessary to explore the genetic diversity. Various molecular markers, protein or DNA (mt-DNA or nuclear DNA such as microsatellites, SNP or RAPD) are now being used in fisheries and aquaculture. These markers provide various scientific observations which have importance in aquaculture practice recently such as: 1) Species Identification 2) Genetic variation and population structure study in natural populations 3) Comparison between wild and hatchery populations 4) Assessment of demographic bottleneck in natural population 5) Propagation assisted rehabilitation programmes. In this review article, we have concentrated on the basics of molecular genetics, overview of commonly used markers and their application along with their limitations (major classes of markers) in fisheries and aquaculture studies

Identification of MC4R gene and its association with body weight and body size in Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle

“…The knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in different quantitative traits affecting economic traits in animal was essential (Cheong et al, 2006). Molecular marker associated with a certain location in the genome and could be used in identifying the partial DNA sequence (Chauhan and Rajiv, 2010). The identification of genetic markers associated with such traits also can contribute to an increased rate of genetic gain in farmed animals (Seong et al, 2012).…”

“…Identifiying the association between genetic markers and those traits could contribute to an increased rate of genetic gain in farmed animals (Seong et al, 2012). A molecular selection marker in the cattle can be used for evaluating farm animal genetic diversity and genetic improvement for economic traits in the breeding company (Chauhan and Rajiv, 2010;Choi et al, 2007). Molecular markers could be associated with traditional selection and thus help to choose the superior animals (Singh et al, 2014).…”

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“…Added to the poor fitness of major carps in growing anthropogenic perturbations, the maintenance of genetic integrity of these species is immensely required in both wild and captive environment. The molecular markers are robust tools to analyze the genetic integrity of populations (Chauhan & Rajiv, 2010). To differentiate the pure and hybrid lineage is a substantial step towards the development of conservation and management strategies for native species (Allendorf et al, 2001;Docker, Dale, & Heath, 2003;Gunnell, Tada, Hawthorne, Keeley, & Ptacek, 2008).…”

De novo Assembly, Characterization and Functional Annotation of Southern Hake (Merluccius australis) Transcriptome

“…Generally, genetic markers, such as SSRs, have been considered useful tool for evaluating and studying genetic structure, diversity and quantitative traits loci discovery (Chauhan and Rajiv, 2010) in fishes. Moreover, SSRs developed from transcriptome sequences are meaningful for the evaluation of functional variation and represent a useful level of transferability among close species.…”