Molecular markers and sentinel organisms for environmental monitoring

Graczyk, Thaddeus K.; Conn, David Bruce

doi:10.1051/parasite/2008153458

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Field and Samadpour 2007; Santo Domingo et al. 2007; Graczyk and Conn 2008). These methods aim to link faecal pollution to putative pollution sources, and are often referred to as microbial source tracking (or bacterial/faecal/molecular source tracking).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Roslev

Iversen

Sønderbo

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Micro‐organisms and molecular markers for microbial source tracking (MST) in coastal waters are often present at low numbers, and often exhibit significant variability in time and space. In this study, we investigated the uptake, accumulation, and persistence of human associated Enterococcus in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Methods and Results: The human associated molecular markers esp in Enterococcus faecium, and M66 in Enterococcus faecalis were targetted by PCR in seawater and mussel samples from coastal sites affected by sewage contamination. Both native mussels and mussels transplanted from pristine to polluted sites were included. The results showed that the esp and M66 markers were often not detectable in seawater whereas mussels were enriched in the markers. Human associated E. faecalis accumulated rapidly in M. edulis, and reached maximum levels after 4–6 h with concentration 30–300 times greater than in the surrounding seawater. Enterococcus faecalis retained in M. edulis showed a survival comparable to planktonic E. faecalis in seawater with half lives of 30 and 22 h, respectively. Human associated markers remained detectable for 120 h in M. edulis after faecal contamination. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that native and transplanted M. edulis can accumulate and retain human associated molecular markers relevant for MST. Significance and Impact of the Study: Mussels should be considered as additional targets in MST studies in coastal waters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods most often target specific micro‐organisms or microbial DNA sequences that can be traced back to hosts such as humans or different animals (Field and Samadpour 2007; Santo Domingo et al. 2007; Graczyk and Conn 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Roslev

Iversen

Sønderbo

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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show abstract

“…209 To date, microbial source tracking (MST) using indicator organisms has been the standard. This information can assist in developing guidelines and management policies to protect watersheds and reduce waterborne transport of enteropathogens worldwide.…”

Section: Fecal Source Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Methods for the Detection of Waterborne Pathogens

Gilbride

2014

Waterborne Pathogens

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“…Molecular methods are useful for monitoring anthropogenic viral, bacterial and protozoan enteropatho-gens, and to track pathogen specific markers in a complex environment in order to reveal sources of these agents (Graczyk & Conn, 2008). Usually, the choice of an assay and molecular marker mainly depends on the amount of information carried by the genetic locus under analysis.…”

Section: Molecular Methods For Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for parasitic protozoans detection in the environmental samples

Skotarczak

2009

Parasite

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Summary :The environmental route of transmission of many parasitic protozoa and their potential for producing large numbers of transmissive stages constitute persistent threats to public and veterinary health. Conventional and new immunological and molecular methods enable to assess the occurrence, prevalence, levels and sources of waterborne protozoa. Concentration, purification, and detection are the three key steps in all methods that have been approved for routine monitoring of waterborne cysts and oocysts. These steps have been optimized to such an extent that low levels of naturally occurring (oo)cysts of protozoan can be efficiently recovered from water. Ten years have passed since the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) introduced the 1622 and 1623 methods and used them to concentrate and detect the oocysts of Cryptosporidium and cysts of Giardia in water samples. Nevertheless, the methods still need studies and improvements. Pre-PCR processing procedures have been developed and they are still improved to remove or reduce the effects of PCR inhibitors. The progress in molecular methods allows to more precise distinction of species or simultaneous detection of several parasites, however, they are still not routinely used and need standardization. Standardized methods are required to maximize public health surveillance. Résumé : MÉTHODES DE DÉTECTIONS DES PROTOZOAIRES PARASITES DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT Les voies de transmissions de nombreux protozoaires parasites dans l'environnement et leur aptitude à y produire un nombre élevé de formes transmissibles constituent des menaces persistantes tant en santé humaine qu'animale. Des méthodes conventionnelles et de nouvelles méthodes moléculaires et immunologiques permettent d'évaluer la fréquence, la prévalence, les niveaux et les origines des protozoaires transmis par l'eau. La concentration, la purification et la détection sont les trois étapes clés de toutes les méthodes agréées pour la surveillance de routine des kystes et des oocystes transmis par l'eau. Ces étapes ont été optimisées à un niveau d'efficacité tel que les faibles concentrations naturelles d'(oo)cystes présents dans l'eau sont efficacement détectées. Dix ans se sont écoulés depuis l'introduction par l'United States

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Molecular markers and sentinel organisms for environmental monitoring

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Molecular Methods for the Detection of Waterborne Pathogens

Methods for parasitic protozoans detection in the environmental samples

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