Molecular investigation of piroplasma infection in white yaks ( Bos grunniens ) in Gansu province, China

Li, Sitong; Liu, Junlong; Liu, Aihong; Li, Youquan; Wang, Shuqing; Wang, Shufang; Yin, Hong; Luo, Jianxun; Guan, Guiquan

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.009

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…orientalis infection rates recorded elsewhere [13,14,17]. Similar to the previous report [17], we did not detected B . bovis infection in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…bovis , and 2) B . bovis -infected red blood cells usually accumulate in the capillary bed and leading to low parasitemia in circulating blood [17]. For the reasons that T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in cattle across many countries [4,5,11–16]. In China, there have also been many studies [9,17–22]. However, these studies usually focus on single pathogen infections, and records on pathogen co-infections, the risk factors, and the mutual influence of each pathogen in cattle are absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infection in cattle in Chongqing, China

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) seriously affect cattle production and can be economically damaging. The epidemiology of these organisms in the Chongqing municipality of China is not well described. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of TBPs including Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in cattle in Chongqing municipality. The results showed that 43.48% (150/345) of cattle were infected with at least one TBP, of which single infections were detected in 104 (30.14%), double infections in 34 cattle (9.86%) and triple infections in 12 (3.48%) of the cattle. The overall prevalence of Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp. and B . bigemina were 22.32%, 23.19% and 7.24%, respectively. Among these, the prevalence of A . bovis , A . central , A . phagocytophilum , A . platys , A . marginale , T . sinensisi and T . orientalis were 8.41%, 7.83%, 4.93%, 4.35%, 2.61%, 22.32% and 2.60%, respectively. We could not detect B . bovis , T . annulata , T . luwenshuni or T . uilenbergi in cattle. Cattle ≥1-year-old were more likely to be infected with Theileria spp. [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.12–6.56)] compared with younger cattle, while cattle ≥1-year-old had reduced susceptibility to B . bigemina (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03–0.60). Cattle living at higher altitude (≥500 m) were more susceptible to B . bigemina (AOR = 6.97, 95% CI = 2.08–23.35) and Theileria spp. infection (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.06–3.32). The prevalence of Theileria spp. on farms with cats was significantly higher than that without cats (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.12–5.88). Infection with A . bovis and A . central were significantly associated with A . phagocytophilum infection. Furthermore, there were significant associations between A . bovis and A . central infection, T . sinensisi and A . marginale infection, and B . bigemina and ...

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“…orientalis infection rates recorded elsewhere [13,14,17]. Similar to the previous report [17], we did not detected B . bovis infection in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…bovis , and 2) B . bovis -infected red blood cells usually accumulate in the capillary bed and leading to low parasitemia in circulating blood [17]. For the reasons that T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infection in cattle in Chongqing, China

Zhou

Sun

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Though Babesia ovata is a low pathogenic species, but its infection may lead to severe damages in cattle when co-infected with Theileria orientalis [45]. Previous study reported that the prevalence of T. orientalis in yaks was 9.7% on the plateau [46]. The infection of T. orientalis may be the main reason for bloody diarrhea in yaks (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomics Sequencing

Li¹,

Zeng²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Yaks are of great importance on the plateau; however, an emerging endemic diarrheal disease during the last few years is posing a great threat to the health of these animals. Yaks have special gut microbiotal community and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are not only the principle nutrient substrates of intestinal epithelial cells but can also regulate the epithelial barrier. Until now, metagenomics sequencing has not been reported in diarrheal yaks. A scarce information is available regarding the levels of fecal SCFAs and diarrhea in yaks. The purpose of our study was to identify the potential pathogens that cause the emerging diarrhea and also to explore the potential relationship of short-chain fatty acids in this issue. We estimated diarrhea rate in yaks after collecting the equal number of fecal samples from affected animals. Metagenomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of SCFAs were performed which revealed 15-25% and 5-10% prevalence in diarrheal yak’s calves and adults yaks respectively. Significant difference was observed in GC contents (44.69%~46.08% vs 46.12%~46.38%) under two reference groups (p<0.05). Violin box plot also showed the higher degree of dispersion in gene abundance distribution of diarrhea yaks, while genes of normal yaks were relatively gathered. We found 366163 significant differential abundance genes in diarrheal yaks, with 141305 up-regulated and 224858 down-regulated genes as compared with normal yaks via DESeq analysis. Metagenomic binning analysis indicated the higher significant of bin 33 (Bacteroidales) (p<0.05) in diarrheal animals, while bin 10 (p<0.0001), bin 30 (Clostridiales) (p<0.05), bin 51 (Lactobacillales) (p<0.05), bin 8 (Lachnospiraceae) (p<0.05) and bin 47 (Bacteria) (p<0.05) were obviously higher in normal animals. At different levels, an obviously difference in Phylum, Class, Oder, Family, Genus and Species was noticed as 4, 8, 8, 16, 17 and 30 respectively. Compared with healthy yaks, Acetic acid (p<0.01), Propionic acid (p<0.01), Butyric acid (p<0.01), Isobutyric acid, Isovaleric acid (p<0.05) and Caproic acid (p<0.01) were all observed obviously at lower rate in diarrheal yaks. In conclusion, besides the increased pathogens level of Staphylococcus aureus, Babesia ovata, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bacteroides fluxus, viruses, Klebsiella pneumonia, and inflammation-related bacteria; the decreased of SCFAs caused by the imbalance of intestinal microbiota may potentially leads to emergence of diarrhea in yaks.

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“…For example, free-grazing Kazakh sheep may wander 7-10 km per day (Wang et al 2016), whereas the transhumant ocks of France and Spain, which move seasonally with their herders between xed summer and winter pastures (Klein 1981), movẽ 25-30 km per day, indeed facilitating seed dispersal over large distances (Manzano et al 2005). In contrast, the yak is a semi-wild animal (Li et al 2017) that has relatively greater physical strength to travel large distances, and thus the range over which seeds are dispersed by yaks is greater than that covered by sheep. Unfortunately, no studies have reported the average daily distance traveled by yaks grazing on the QTP.…”

Section: Forage Preferences Of Grazing Yaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yak Dung Seed Bank on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Effects of Grazing Season, Seed Characteristics and Forage Preferences

Hou

2021

Preprint

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AimsViable seeds in herbivore dung constitute the dung seed bank, and the contribution of livestock dung to this seed bank in grazing pastures is often overlooked. Grazing season (warm and cold), seed characteristics (mass and shape), and forage preference are the main factors that affect the size and composition of the dung seed bank and ultimately affect grassland ecology. However, how these three factors interact is unclear. Methodswe collected yak dung as well as seeds of the common plant species from warm- and cold-season alpine meadows in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and explored how grazing season (warm and cold), seed characteristics (size and shape) and foraging preferences (temporary cages method) affects yak dung seedling density, richness and diversity in an alpine pasture on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. ResultsForty-three plant species (mainly perennials) could germinate from yak dung. Dung seedling density, richness, and diversity did not differ significantly between the two grazing seasons. Small-to-medium-sized spherical seeds (seed mass < 10 mg, shape index < 0.5) had the greatest germination potential. ConclusionsYaks vary their forage preference depending on the season (phenological period), and endozoochory occurs throughout both grazing seasons. Seed shape and mass directly regulate the dung seedling density, richness, and diversity. Dung seedlings increase the heterogeneity of the aboveground vegetation near the microsites of the dung pieces and therefore promote grassland patching. Our study demonstrates that grazing season, seed characteristics, and yak forage preferences affect the dung seed bank in grazing ecosystems.

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Molecular investigation of piroplasma infection in white yaks ( Bos grunniens ) in Gansu province, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infection in cattle in Chongqing, China

Molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infection in cattle in Chongqing, China

Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Modulation on Potentially Diarrhea Causing Pathogens in Yaks Through Metagenomics Sequencing

Yak Dung Seed Bank on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Effects of Grazing Season, Seed Characteristics and Forage Preferences

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