Molecular imprinted polymer for tramadol: Absorption and drug release studies

Abstract

Smart polymeric matrices based on 2-vinyl pyridine (2-VPY) and three different crosslinkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), divinylbenzene (DVB), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were prepared either by the imprinting technique of the tramadol molecule or conventionally by the free radical polymerization process. The polymers were used as sorbent materials for tramadol from its solutions. The polymers prepared by the imprinting technique demonstrated superior absorption of tramadol molecules than those prepared by the conventional method. The two sorbent materials constructed from TMPTMA, regardless of the method, achieved the highest absorption capacity compared with those prepared from EGDMA or DVB. It was found that loaded imprinted polymer released more tramadol than loaded nonimprinted polymer in all media. In the acidic medium, the protonation of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring ionized the chains and expanded the loaded pores leading to the rapid release over the neutral and alkaline media. Additionally, the isothermal studies of MIP3 and NIP3 were extremely fitted to Freundlich adsorption and the (D-R) isotherm, respectively, while the kinetic studies of both sorbents were fitted to the pseudo-second-order model.

Employment and performance of modified chitosan for the removal of copper ions and methylene blue in wastewater

“…[ 58 ] The value of E < 8 in the (D–R) model and n > 1 in Freundlich confirms that the sorption of Cu 2+ and MB is occurring via a physical process. [ 59 ] From Langmuir, the prepared polymers S2 and S1 have a high capacity for removing Cu 2+ and MB, respectively, as shown by the maximum sorption capacity ( q max ) in Table 6. This q max is comparable to those of other materials reported in other publications, indicating that the prepared polymers are effective in removing Cu 2+ and MB.…”

Recent advancements in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor development for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in food and environment

“…However, by integrating MIP into non-enzymatic sensors, they can mimic the function of enzymes and acquire high selectivity as well as sensitivity towards the target analyte. The development of MIP involves polymerization of cross-linkers and functional monomers in association of a template molecule [ 87 , 116 , 117 ]. The template molecule controls the formation of specific structure, size, and stereo-specific cavities within the polymer of the target analyte.…”

An Overview to Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Bisphenol A

“…In response to these challenges, MIES have emerged as a promising alternative for BPA detection. Molecular imprinting creates selective recognition sites in the polymer matrix that are complementary to the target analyte in size, shape, and chemical functionality [19][20][21][22]. This allows MIES to offer high selectivity towards BPA even in complex sample matrices [23][24][25].…”