Molecular impacts of photobiomodulation on bone regeneration: A systematic review

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM) encompasses a light application aimed to increase healing process, tissue regeneration, and reducing inflammation and pain. PBM is specifically aimed to modify the expression of cellular molecules; however, PBM impacts on cellular and molecular pathways especially in bone regenerative medicine have been investigated in scattered different studies. The purpose of the current study is to systematically review evidence on molecular impact of PBM on bone regeneration. A comprehensive electronic search in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane library, web of science, and google scholar was conducted from January 1975 to October 2018 limited to English language publications on administrations of photobiomodulation for bone regeneration which evaluated biological factors. In addition, hand search of selected journals was done to retrieve all articles. This systematic review was performed based on PRISMA guideline. Among these studies, five articles reported in vitro results, twelve articles were in vivo, and three of them were clinical trials. The data tabulated according to the type of markers (osteogenic markers, angiogenic markers, growth factors, and inflammation mediators). PBM's effects depend on many parameters which energy density is more important than the others. PBM can significantly enhance expression of osteocalcin, collagen, RUNX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenic proteins, and COX-2. Although since the heterogeneity of the studies and their limitations, an evidence-based decision for definite therapeutic application of PBM is still unattainable, the findings of our review can help other researchers to ameliorate their study design and elect more efficient approach for their investigation.

Dual-Wavelength Photosensitive Nano-in-Micro Scaffold Regulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses for Osteogenesis

“…Many materials for controlled drug release have been developed with a focus on controlling the immune responses involved in damage repair and anti-infection activity [14,[18][19][20]. Photosensitive delivery systems can stimulate beneficial photochemical reactions or release active molecules, thereby affecting the metabolism of osteoblasts [21][22][23]. This strategy has broad prospects in bone regeneration.…”

Laser therapy increases the proliferation of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on poly(lactic acid) films

“…Consequently, further experiments are required in order to better understand the processes involved in osteogenic cell proliferation and differentiation induced by laser therapy on biomaterial surfaces. We suggest studies assessing the response of irradiated MC3T3‐E1 and, especially, stem cells, over a longer experimental interval, also analyzing osteoblastic differentiation, because the literature indicated that LLLI can up‐regulate numerous osteogenic factors, including Collagen type I, Runx‐2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin (Hosseinpour, Fekrazad, Arany, & Ye, 2019; Tani et al, 2018). In addition, experiments that explore the application of PLA associated with other polymers; those produced by electrospinning; submitted to surface functionalization techniques; and/or incorporating growth factors, for example, human morphogenetic protein (BMP), are also suggested (da Silva et al, 2019).…”

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy as an Adjunct for Orthodontic Retention: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies

“…After orthodontic force removal, a physiological repair would follow involving the deposition of uncalci ed-cementoid matrix, broblast-like cells and cementoblast cells as well as the detachment of clastic cells [63]. Past cellular [28] and molecular investigations [64] have documented LLLT's capacity to modulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts with bone-related biomarkers such as RANKL and OPG. This provides a biological explanation for adopting LLLT to prevent transitional relapse and OIIRR.…”