Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light

Massoud, Tarik F.; Gambhir, Sanjiv S.

doi:10.1101/gad.1047403

Cited by 2,003 publications

(1,736 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Emerging advances in equipment and probe engineering over recent years has enabled functional and molecular imaging using these techniques 1,2 . Choosing the appropriate modality depends on the general characteristics of these techniques, which differ in properties such as penetration depth, spatial and temporal resolution, sensitivity and availability of traceable probes.…”

Section: In Vivo Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One major advantage of these techniques is their penetration depth, which is only in the case of BLI limited to 1-2 cm and has no limit in CT, MRI and PET 2 . However, a limitation to all these techniques for the study of cellular events is their spatial resolution and/or sensitivity 1,2 . Although MRI has the highest resolution of 25-100 mm, its sensitivity is comparably low, with 10 −3 -10 −5 mole/L.…”

Section: In Vivo Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although MRI has the highest resolution of 25-100 mm, its sensitivity is comparably low, with 10 −3 -10 −5 mole/L. PET has a reasonably high sensitivity of 10 −11 -10 −12 mole/L, but, with a resolution of 1-2 mm, information obtained with this technique always reflects a relatively large number of cells 2,3 .…”

Section: In Vivo Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

et al. 2008

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There is clearly a demand for an experimental platform that enables cell biology to be studied in intact vascularized and innervated tissue in vivo. This platform should allow observations of cells noninvasively and longitudinally at single-cell resolution. For this purpose, we use the anterior chamber of the mouse eye in combination with laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Tissue transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye is rapidly vascularized, innervated and regains function. After transplantation, LSM through the cornea allows repetitive and noninvasive in vivo imaging at cellular resolution. Morphology, vascularization, cell function and cell survival are monitored longitudinally using fluorescent proteins and dyes. We have used this system to study pancreatic islets, but the platform can easily be adapted for studying a variety of tissues and additional biological parameters. Transplantation to the anterior chamber of the eye takes 25 min, and in vivo imaging 1-5 h, depending on the features monitored.

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Section: In Vivo Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

et al. 2008

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“…Nuclear medicine techniques offer very high sensitivity for in vivo molecular imaging using radioisotopes incorporated either directly within or attached to the molecule of interest (3). However, the specificity of nuclear medicine methods can be poorly defined as they detect radionuclide decay irrespective of whether the isotope is within the original tracer (as desired) or in breakdown products resulting from tracer metabolism.…”

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confidence: 99%

¹⁹F‐lanthanide complexes with increased sensitivity for ¹⁹F‐MRI: Optimization of the MR acquisition

Chalmers

Kenwright

Parker

et al. 2011

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance methods offer advantages for molecular or cellular imaging in vivo due to the absence of radioactivity, lack of naturally occurring background signal, and the ability to easily combine measurements with anatomical MRI. Previous studies have shown that 19 F-MRI sensitivity is limited to millimolar concentrations by slow longitudinal relaxation. In this study, a new class of macrocyclic fluorinated lanthanide complexes is investigated where relaxation rates are significantly shortened by proximity of the fluorine group to a paramagnetic lanthanide ion located within the same molecule. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates are field dependent and in the range 50-150 s 21 and 70-200 s 21 , respectively, at 7 T. Relaxation rates in these complexes are a function of the molecular structure and are independent of concentration at biologically relevant levels, so can be used as criteria to optimize imaging acquisition. Phantom experiments at 7 T indicate a lower limit for detection by imaging of 20 mM. Magn Reson Med 66:931-936,

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“…(Fig. 4) [19,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Reporter genes consist of gene regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, which drive the reporter gene DNA sequence and poly A sequence providing stabilization on the final product.…”

Section: Indirect Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Monitoring with a Direct or Indirect Labeling Method

Kim

Lee

Kang

2015

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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The molecular imaging techniques allow monitoring of the transplanted cells in the same individuals over time, from early localization to the survival, migration, and differentiation. Generally, there are two methods of stem cell labeling: direct and indirect labeling methods. The direct labeling method introduces a labeling agent into the cell, which is stably incorporated or attached to the cells prior to transplantation. Direct labeling of cells with radionuclides is a simple method with relatively fewer adverse events related to genetic responses. However, it can only allow short-term distribution of transplanted cells because of the decreasing imaging signal with radiodecay, according to the physical half-lives, or the signal becomes more diffuse with cell division and dispersion. The indirect labeling method is based on the expression of a reporter gene transduced into the cell before transplantation, which is then visualized upon the injection of an appropriate probe or substrate. In this review, various imaging strategies to monitor the survival and behavior change of transplanted stem cells are covered. Taking these new approaches together, the direct and indirect labeling methods may provide new insights on the roles of in vivo stem cell monitoring, from bench to bedside.

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Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light

Cited by 2,003 publications

References 207 publications

Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

¹⁹F‐lanthanide complexes with increased sensitivity for ¹⁹F‐MRI: Optimization of the MR acquisition

Stem Cell Monitoring with a Direct or Indirect Labeling Method

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Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light

Cited by 2,003 publications

References 207 publications

Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

Noninvasive high-resolution in vivo imaging of cell biology in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye

19F‐lanthanide complexes with increased sensitivity for 19F‐MRI: Optimization of the MR acquisition

Stem Cell Monitoring with a Direct or Indirect Labeling Method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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¹⁹F‐lanthanide complexes with increased sensitivity for ¹⁹F‐MRI: Optimization of the MR acquisition