Molecular identity and heterogeneity of trichomonad parasites in a closed avian population

Silva, Daniela Gaspar da; Barton, Emma; Bunbury, Nancy; Lunness, Patricia; Bell, Diana; Tyler, Kevin M.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2007.01.002

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…DNA was extracted from trichomonad cultures using the same technique. PCR was used to amplify the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal region using published TFR1 and TFR2 primers [30] with an adapted protocol. Briefly, PCR reactions were run with 3 µL of 10X PCR buffer (Qiagen), 3 µL of 25 mM MgCl 2 (Qiagen), 0.5 µL of 5 U/µL HotStar Taq Plus DNA Polymerase (Qiagen), 2 µL template DNA, 0.4 µL of 100 mM dNTP mix (Bioline, UK), 3 µL of 10 µM forward and reverse primer and molecular grade water to complete the 50 µL per reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Disease Leads to Rapid Population Declines of Common British Birds

et al. 2010

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Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly cited as threats to wildlife, livestock and humans alike. They can threaten geographically isolated or critically endangered wildlife populations; however, relatively few studies have clearly demonstrated the extent to which emerging diseases can impact populations of common wildlife species. Here, we report the impact of an emerging protozoal disease on British populations of greenfinch Carduelis chloris and chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, two of the most common birds in Britain. Morphological and molecular analyses showed this to be due to Trichomonas gallinae. Trichomonosis emerged as a novel fatal disease of finches in Britain in 2005 and rapidly became epidemic within greenfinch, and to a lesser extent chaffinch, populations in 2006. By 2007, breeding populations of greenfinches and chaffinches in the geographic region of highest disease incidence had decreased by 35% and 21% respectively, representing mortality in excess of half a million birds. In contrast, declines were less pronounced or absent in these species in regions where the disease was found in intermediate or low incidence. Also, populations of dunnock Prunella modularis, which similarly feeds in gardens, but in which T. gallinae was rarely recorded, did not decline. This is the first trichomonosis epidemic reported in the scientific literature to negatively impact populations of free-ranging non-columbiform species, and such levels of mortality and decline due to an emerging infectious disease are unprecedented in British wild bird populations. This disease emergence event demonstrates the potential for a protozoan parasite to jump avian host taxonomic groups with dramatic effect over a short time period.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Disease Leads to Rapid Population Declines of Common British Birds

et al. 2010

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“…Dientamoeba fragilis causes human gastrointestinal disease [21], [22]. In addition, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae are found in the digestive tract of birds [23], [24], [25]. Trichomonas gallinae is an etiological agent of avian trichomonosis, a disease especially affecting pigeons and raptors [26], [27], while Tetratrichomonas gallinarum is disputed as a primary pathogen [28], [29] as it is often found together with another parabasalid, Histomonas meleagridis , in the caecum and liver of naturally infected chickens and turkeys [30], [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Parasitic Parabasalia and Free-Living Relatives Inferred from Conventional Markers vs. Rpb1, a Single-Copy Gene

et al. 2011

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BackgroundParabasalia are single-celled eukaryotes (protists) that are mainly comprised of endosymbionts of termites and wood roaches, intestinal commensals, human or veterinary parasites, and free-living species. Phylogenetic comparisons of parabasalids are typically based upon morphological characters and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data (rDNA), while biochemical or molecular studies of parabasalids are limited to a few axenically cultivable parasites. These previous analyses and other studies based on PCR amplification of duplicated protein-coding genes are unable to fully resolve the evolutionary relationships of parabasalids. As a result, genetic studies of Parabasalia lag behind other organisms.Principal FindingsComparing parabasalid EF1α, α-tubulin, enolase and MDH protein-coding genes with information from the Trichomonas vaginalis genome reveals difficulty in resolving the history of species or isolates apart from duplicated genes. A conserved single-copy gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Rpb1) in T. vaginalis and other eukaryotes. Here we directly sequenced Rpb1 degenerate PCR products from 10 parabasalid genera, including several T. vaginalis isolates and avian isolates, and compared these data by phylogenetic analyses. Rpb1 genes from parabasalids, diplomonads, Parabodo, Diplonema and Percolomonas were all intronless, unlike intron-rich homologs in Naegleria, Jakoba and Malawimonas.Conclusions/SignificanceThe phylogeny of Rpb1 from parasitic and free-living parabasalids, and conserved Rpb1 insertions, support Trichomonadea, Tritrichomonadea, and Hypotrichomonadea as monophyletic groups. These results are consistent with prior analyses of rDNA and GAPDH sequences and ultrastructural data. The Rpb1 phylogenetic tree also resolves species- and isolate-level relationships. These findings, together with the relative ease of Rpb1 isolation, make it an attractive tool for evaluating more extensive relationships within Parabasalia.

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“…The species involved are not restricted to T. tenax , and the discovery of parasitic species previously unknown in humans raises the possibility that the oral cavity may also harbor other related organisms. In order to identify taxonomically the various trichomonad parasites found, various approaches may be used; for example, DNA fingerprinting and random amplification of polymorphic DNA, where the target sequence to be identified is unknown, have facilitated the identification of species markers (18). Applying these techniques, a Polish research group isolated, from Estonian patients with pulmonary diseases, strains that were different from T. tenax but showed a high similarity to the avian species Tetratrichomonas gallinarum ; they also found that the new strains could be divided into two distinct groups: seven bronchial strains and three oral strains (24).…”

Section: Local Oral Parasitic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic infections affecting the oral cavity

Bergquist¹

2008

Periodontology 2000

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Molecular identity and heterogeneity of trichomonad parasites in a closed avian population

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

Emerging Infectious Disease Leads to Rapid Population Declines of Common British Birds

Emerging Infectious Disease Leads to Rapid Population Declines of Common British Birds

Phylogeny of Parasitic Parabasalia and Free-Living Relatives Inferred from Conventional Markers vs. Rpb1, a Single-Copy Gene

Parasitic infections affecting the oral cavity

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