Molecular identification of the ompL1 gene within Leptospira interrogans standard serovars

Dezhbord, Mehrangiz; Esmaelizad, Majid; Khaki, Pejvak; Fotohi, Fariba; Moghaddam, Athena Zarehparvar

doi:10.3855/jidc.3174

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, endemic in tropical regions that can even cause epidemics after rainy seasons [2,14,15,20,22,23]. The incidence of human leptospirosis has increased from 0.2 cases /100 000 people in 2005 to 1.0 cases /100 000 in 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a male is a major risk factor as well as being between the ages of fifteen to sixty-four. Many studies have pointed out the significant difference in incidence between males and females [3,[12][13][14][15]. This commonly cited risk factor is observed mainly in surveillance data and is often attributed to increased occupational exposure associated with male gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic spirochetal disease with global importance, which continues to have a major impact on public health in developing countries. The prevalence of the disease is much higher in males. The objectives of this study were: to give some data and to share our experience with human leptospirosis in Albania; to describe the prevalence regarding to the role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis; to make a gender specific analysis of the clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis in our service and to make a review of literature related to this hypothesis. Methodology: We reviewed the epidemiologic data, risk factors and differences in clinical presentation between males and females’ patients with leptospirosis. These data are analysed from hospitalized patients. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was established based on clinical presentation, epidemiological data and subsequently confirmed serologically by Anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies through ELISA test. Results: Between 2005-2016, 233 cases of confirmed leptospirosis were analysed. Males were 208 (89.27%) and 25 of patients (10.72%) were females in ratio 9:1 p < 0.001. The highest prevalence was observed in the 45-64 age groups. Overall mortality was found to be 8.58%, 19 were males and one female p < 0.001. Conclusions: There is a much higher prevalence of leptospirosis in middle aged men. Mortality rate seems to be similar in males and females. While the difference in prevalence may be related to exposure to risk factors, further investigation is necessary to study gender-based genetic and immunological predisposition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Numerous studies confirmed its high specificity and sensitivity, with the capability of detecting as few as 10 organisms in a sample (46,47,49,50,60). Leptospiral DNA has been detected in body where antibody titres may be lower and appear later than in serum (34).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These genes are highly conserved among various pathogenic Leptospira species. Therefore, these genes are useful for detection of leptospiral infection and suitable for designing of positive control in PCR assay (46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Although PCR is now widely used for the diagnosis of many diseases, its general value for the rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis has not been evaluated worldwide as it is not yet widely used, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis

Khaki

2016

Int J Enteric Pathog

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Context: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection which appears to be a re-emerging health problem. The clinical features of the disease are broad ranging, but are often similar to those of other infections. As a result, the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is low and confirmation requires the use of laboratory tests. Evidence Acquisition: The disease is usually diagnosed in the laboratory by different methods such as direct microscopy, culture, serological methods and molecular methods. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered the reference test among the several serological methods for leptospirosis diagnosis. However, isolation and identification of the microorganism allows for definitive diagnosis, and provides for epidemiological and prophylactic studies of this disease. Therefore, culture is a golden standard method. Polymerase chain reaction is a rapid, sensitive and specific means of detecting leptospiral infection, in contrast to serology tests. Further benefit is the ability to identify early infection especially during the first few days of the disease even before antibodies are detectable. Conclusions: Choice of test for diagnosis of leptospirosis depends on the stage of the disease. An ideal test will need to discriminate between leptospirosis and a broad spectrum of diseases that cause acute febrile illness and have overlapping clinical presentations. Although detection of antibodies is by itself no proof of a current infection, serological methods (such as MAT and ELISA) are often the most appropriate diagnostic methods.

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