Molecular Identification of the G-Protein Genes and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in Brassica napus

Abstract

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) consisting of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits is one of the key signal transducers in plants. Recent studies indicated that G-protein has been proposed as an important mediator of nitrogen responses in rice, wheat, and Arabidopsis. However, little is known about these G-proteins in Brassica napus (B. napus), except for three identified G-proteins, BnGA1, BnGB1, and BnGG2. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to characterize the members of the G-protein gene family in allotetraploid B. napus and to analyze their expression profiles in response to nitrogen deprivation. In total, 21 G-protein family members were identified in B. napus, encoding two Gα, six Gβ, and 13 Gγ. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that although genome-wide triploid events increased the number of genes encoding Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, the gene structure and protein properties of the genes encoding each G-protein subunit were extremely conserved. Collinearity analysis showed that most G-protein genes in B. napus had syntenic relationships with G-protein members of Arabidopsis, Brassica rape (B. rapa), and Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea). Expression profile analysis indicated that Gα and C-type Gγ genes (except BnGG10 and BnGG12 were highly expressed in flower and ovule) were barely expressed in most organs, whereas most Gβ and A-type Gγ genes tended to be highly expressed in most organs. G-protein genes also showed various expression patterns in response to nitrogen-deficient conditions. Under nitrogen deficiency, Gα and five C-type Gγ genes were upregulated initially in roots, while in leaves, Gα was downregulated initially and five C-type Gγ genes were highly expressed in different times. These results provide a complex genetic dissection of G-protein genes in B. napus, and insight into the biological functions of G-protein genes in response to nitrogen deficiency.

Identification of Hub Genes Correlated with the Initiation and Development in Chronic Kidney Disease via Bioinformatics Analysis

“…Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) are crucial molecular switches for transmitting signal from G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to various downstream effectors [22] . The G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are involved in a variety of BPs, including cell proliferation, inflammation, and immune response [23] .…”

Long term nitrogen deficiency alters expression of miRNAs and alters nitrogen metabolism and root architecture in Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc.) genotypes

“…In rice, WRKY33 (Os01g0826400) Os03g0609500 (LBD38), Os03g0445700 (LBD37), Os07g0589000 (LBD37), Os05g0114400 (ZOS5-02), Os11g0184900 (NAC5), Os07g0119300 (MYB), and Os03g0764600 (MYB) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ and CIPK14 are among the 34 N-sensitive genes 72 . The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), has been suggested as a key modulator of N response in rice, wheat, and Arabidopsis 79 . TaNBP1 has been found to encode G proteins in wheat, which increase N uptake under N deficit conditions 80 .…”

G-Protein β-Subunit Gene TaGB1-B Enhances Drought and Salt Resistance in Wheat

“…WD40 proteins are involved in various processes, such as growth and development, metabolite biosynthesis, and immune and stress responses [ 13 , 21 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Furthermore, it has been shown in Arabidopsis [ 15 , 46 , 47 ], rice [ 29 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], maize [ 51 , 52 , 53 ], and rapeseed [ 54 , 55 ] that G-proteins are involved in abiotic stresses. In this study, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of TaGB1-B changed under stress and hormone treatments ( Figure 2 a–i).…”