Molecular identification of Plasmodium species responsible for malaria reveals Plasmodium vivax isolates in Duffy negative individuals from southwestern Nigeria

Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo; Badiane, Aïda Sadikh; Ntadom, Godwin; Ndiaye, Yaye Dié; Diongue, Khadim; Diallo, Mamadou Alpha; Ndiaye, Daouda

doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2588-7

Cited by 53 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…This concurs with the higher prevalence of P. malariae infections in older age groups reported in Papua New Guinea using similarly sensitive molecular method -post-PCR ligase detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay (LDR-FMA) compared with light microscopy (21). The results herein adds to data on prevalence of non-falciparum species in Nigeria which remains scanty (22)(23)(24)(25) given the focus on P. falciparum. With the push for global eradication it buttresses the proponent that other human Plasmodium species should be brought to focus and included in malaria elimination strategies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Seroprevalence and parasite rates ofPlasmodium malariaein a high malaria transmission setting of southern Nigeria

Oriero

Olukosi

Oduwole

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundPlasmodium malariae is one of five malaria parasite species prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa, but with limited data on its prevalence and epidemiology across most endemic settings. Specific clinical diagnosis of P. malariae and other non-falciparum malaria parasites is uncommon and the most widely used malaria diagnostic tool, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), predominantly targets P. falciparum while nonspecifically identifying co-infecting species as 'pan-species'. Moreover, undetectable submicroscopic infections of these non-falciparum infections are likely and constitute a reservoir that could sustain transmission and challenge the achievement of elimination goals.This study aimed to explore prevalence of P. malariae infections in a high malaria transmission setting in Nigeria. MethodsA preliminary survey was first carried out in two sites to compare prevalence of non-falciparum species in southern Nigeria, results of which informed subsequent sample collection. Study participants were recruited from health facilities in Lagos and Calabar between October to December 2017 and subsequently from health facilities in four communities in Akpabuyo local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria from October -November 2018, following community sensitization and consent. Pan species RDT (SD Bioline, Cat No 05FK60) was used for field diagnosis and Thick blood films were also collected for microscopic detection of malaria parasites. Dried blood spots (DBS) collected from all participants were used for molecular detection of Plasmodium species by real-time PCR techniques. ResultsPlasmodium falciparum was most prevalent in the study populations, 22 -48% of all samples tested. From the primary survey, significantly higher prevalence of P. malariae and P. ovale were detected by qPCR in Calabar compared to Lagos. From a resampling of communities in Calabar, (N=798), Plasmodium spp infection prevalence by RDT was 23%. Non-falciparum infections detected was 12.5%, of which a median prevalence of 10.3% were infections with P. malariae (mixed and mono). The distribution of P. malariae infections between age groups (7.3 -16.1%) and communities (6.2 -12.1%) was heterogeneous. 32.9% of P. malariae infections occurred in the 11-15yrs age bracket, mostly as mixed infections. The odds of P. malariae as a mono infection was highest in the 0-5yrs age group relative to the group with the least odds of mono infections (11-15yrs). P. ovale was detected at 2.3%, while no sample tested positive for P. vivax. ConclusionsOverall, P. malariae was the most prevalent non-falciparum species and occurred mostly in the 11-15yrs age group, who are not targeted by some elimination strategies. Approaches for routine diagnosis of non-falciparum species in endemic settings will facilitate interventions towards panspecies malaria elimination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Seroprevalence and parasite rates ofPlasmodium malariaein a high malaria transmission setting of southern Nigeria

Oriero

Olukosi

Oduwole

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The absence of P. vivax cases was expected, as this species is rarely encountered in West Africa [1]. However, two recent studies documented significant carriage of P. vivax DNA and/or antibodies against P. vivax proteins in some West African individuals; therefore, testing for this species has significant value [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of real-time multiplex PCR, malaria rapid diagnostic test and microscopy to investigate the prevalence of Plasmodium species among febrile hospital patients in Sierra Leone

Łęski

Taitt

Swaray

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Malaria continues to affect over 200 million individuals every year, especially children in Africa. Rapid and sensitive detection and identification of Plasmodium parasites is crucial for treating patients and monitoring of control efforts. Compared to traditional diagnostic methods such as microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), DNA based methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer significantly higher sensitivity, definitive discrimination of Plasmodium species, and detection of mixed infections. While PCR is not currently optimized for routine diagnostics, its role in epidemiological studies is increasing as the world moves closer toward regional and eventually global malaria elimination. This study demonstrates the field use of a novel, ambient temperature-stabilized, multiplexed PCR assay in a small hospital setting in Sierra Leone.Methods: Blood samples from 534 febrile individuals reporting to a hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone, were tested using three methods: a commercial RDT, microscopy, and a Multiplex Malaria Sample Ready (MMSR) PCR designed to detect a universal malaria marker and species-specific markers for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. A separate PCR assay was used to identify species of Plasmodium in samples in which MMSR detected malaria, but was unable to identify the species.Results: MMSR detected the presence of any malaria marker in 50.2% of all tested samples with P. falciparum identified in 48.7% of the samples. Plasmodium vivax was not detected. Testing of MMSR P. falciparum-negative/universal malaria-positive specimens with a panel of species-specific PCRs revealed the presence of Plasmodium malariae (n = 2) and Plasmodium ovale (n = 2). The commercial RDT detected P. falciparum in 24.6% of all samples while microscopy was able to detect malaria in 12.8% of tested specimens.

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“…A study conducted in Ethiopia, a malaria-endemic country, revealed that the overall prevalence rate of malaria detected by microscopy was 18.4% [18]. The molecular detection of malaria parasite in Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria demonstrated that the infection rate of the disease was 34.9% [8] and 58.7% respectively [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR has also been helpful in the differential detection of all malaria parasites up to species levels, thereby revealing the high prevalence of mixed infections [1,9]. The application of sensitive methods such as PCR to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium species will allow better documentation of malaria epidemiology [10] and overcome the lack of knowledge on the prevalence of malaria infection in the displaced population. This study was proposed to determine the molecular prevalence of malaria parasites amongst symptomatic patients in Ardamata IDP camp, Al-Geneina City, Sudan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of malaria parasite amongst patients in a displaced people’s camp in Sudan

Eshag¹,

Elnzer²,

Nahied³

et al. 2020

Trop Med Health

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Background: Despite the importance of epidemiological studies in the development of effective control strategies and provision of basic health services for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), data on the prevalence of malaria are limited. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the molecular prevalence of malaria amongst the displaced population in Ardamata IDP camp in Al-Geneina City, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018 to estimate malaria prevalence amongst the displaced population in Ardamata IDP camp in Al-Geneina City, Sudan. A total of 380 patients with suspected malaria were recruited. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays were performed to detect the Plasmodium genus and species. Results: Of 380 patients, 232 (61.1%) were positive for malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was the only prevalent species detected amongst the study population. nPCR analysis revealed that none of the samples had Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale or Plasmodium malariae. The malaria prevalence rate was higher amongst males (67.1%) than in females (56.8%), and gender was the only risk factor that was significantly associated with malaria infection (p = .042). Conclusions: Despite control programmes, malaria remains a significant cause of illness amongst a displaced population. The high prevalence of malaria infection in this study indicates that additional health facilities and control strategies should be implemented in displaced camps and the surrounding areas.

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Molecular identification of Plasmodium species responsible for malaria reveals Plasmodium vivax isolates in Duffy negative individuals from southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Seroprevalence and parasite rates ofPlasmodium malariaein a high malaria transmission setting of southern Nigeria

Seroprevalence and parasite rates ofPlasmodium malariaein a high malaria transmission setting of southern Nigeria

Use of real-time multiplex PCR, malaria rapid diagnostic test and microscopy to investigate the prevalence of Plasmodium species among febrile hospital patients in Sierra Leone

Molecular epidemiology of malaria parasite amongst patients in a displaced people’s camp in Sudan

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